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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
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El bulbo olfativo refleja la plasticidad estructural dentro de una red olfativa genéticamente estable.

Tora Olsson, Akshita Joshi, Martin Schaefer

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    El bulbo olfativo

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • La neurociencia
    • La genética
    • Imágenes del cerebro

    Sus antecedentes:

    • El bulbo olfativo (OB) es crucial para la percepción del olfato y muestra plasticidad ambiental.
    • Comprender la base genética de la estructura OB es vital, dado su vínculo con los trastornos neurológicos.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Investigar la heredabilidad del volumen del bulbo olfativo y la arquitectura de la red olfativa.
    • Determinar en qué medida la estructura del OB está determinada genéticamente.

    Principales métodos:

    • Se utilizó un modelo de aprendizaje profundo para la segmentación automática de OB en 941 adultos jóvenes sanos (parejas de gemelos).
    • Clasificación de la máquina vectorial de soporte empleada para evaluar la zigosidad basada en la similitud morfológica.
    • Volumen OB analizado y regiones asociadas de la red olfativa (hipocampo, corteza entorrinal, etc.) En el caso de los

    Principales resultados:

    • Solo el volumen del bulbo olfativo mostró una heredabilidad limitada.
    • La integración del volumen OB con otras regiones de la red olfativa mejoró significativamente la clasificación de la influencia genética.
    • Las influencias genéticas en el sistema olfativo se distribuyen en una red.

    Conclusiones:

    • Mientras que el bulbo olfativo es plástico, su estructura es parte de una red genéticamente coordinada.
    • Los factores genéticos influyen en la red olfativa más amplia, no solo en el OB aislado.