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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
Published on: May 30, 2025
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Modelos cognitivos sociales de consumo de frutas y verduras, actividad física moderada y comportamiento del sueño en
Adam P Knowlden1, Michael A Grandner2, Rebecca Robbins3
1The University of Alabama.
Resumen
La teoría cognitiva social predice efectivamente los comportamientos de salud en los hombres obesos, siendo la autoeficacia la clave para la dieta y el sueño, y las metas para la actividad física. Esta investigación aborda una brecha en la prevención de la obesidad para los hombres.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del comportamiento
- Investigación sobre la obesidad
- Psicología de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad afecta aproximadamente al 35% de los hombres estadounidenses, sin embargo, la investigación teórica sobre sus predictores es limitada en este grupo demográfico.
- Los hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad están subrepresentados en la investigación de la obesidad conductual, lo que pone de relieve una brecha crítica en las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la capacidad predictiva del modelo cognitivo social de Bandura de comportamiento de salud en hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad.
- Examinar la influencia de las construcciones cognitivas sociales en la ingesta de frutas y verduras, la actividad física y los patrones de sueño.
Principales métodos:
- Datos recogidos de 305 hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad utilizando cuestionarios validados.
- Modelado de ecuaciones estructurales utilizado para analizar los efectos directos e indirectos de la autoeficacia, las expectativas de resultados, los factores sociostruturales y las metas.
Principales resultados:
- Los modelos cognitivos sociales explican adecuadamente la variación en el consumo de frutas y verduras (35,0%), la actividad física moderada (31,2%) y el comportamiento del sueño (21,1%).
- La autoeficacia demostró el efecto total más fuerte en la ingesta de frutas y verduras y en el comportamiento del sueño.
- Los objetivos mostraron el mayor efecto total en la actividad física moderada.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo cognitivo social proporciona un marco teórico robusto para predecir comportamientos de salud relevantes para la prevención y el tratamiento de la obesidad en los hombres.
- Este estudio es el primero en modelar el impacto de las construcciones cognitivas sociales en el comportamiento del sueño en esta población.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la autoeficacia y las metas para promover estilos de vida más saludables entre los hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad.
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