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Desarrollo de una terapia cognitivo-conductual para la intervención del insomnio en adolescentes con salud mental
Stephanie McCrory1, Megan Crawford1, Kenneth MacMahon2
1Strathclyde Sleep Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Journal of sleep research
|August 20, 2025
Resumen
La terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio (CBTi) fue adaptada para adolescentes con problemas de salud mental. Esta consulta iterativa de expertos desarrolló una intervención de 4 semanas, incluida la capacitación de los profesionales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud mental de los adolescentes
- Ciencias del sueño
- Psicología clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- El insomnio es común en adolescentes con problemas de salud mental, pero a menudo no se trata adecuadamente.
- Las directrices existentes para la terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio (TCCI) son para adultos y carecen de adaptaciones específicas para adolescentes.
- Existen investigaciones limitadas sobre el tratamiento del insomnio en adolescentes con problemas de salud mental concomitantes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar una intervención personalizada de terapia cognitivo-conductual para el insomnio (TCC) para adolescentes con problemas de salud mental concomitantes.
- Definir la población objetivo, los componentes de la intervención y los métodos de ejecución mediante el consenso de los expertos.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un proceso iterativo de consulta con expertos.
- Se identificaron dieciocho expertos; siete participaron en tres rondas de cuestionarios.
- El proceso implicó refinar el contenido de la intervención, el formato, la entrega y la participación de los padres.
Principales resultados:
- Los expertos coincidieron en que el CBTi es adecuado para adolescentes de edad temprana a mediana con ansiedad/depresión.
- Se consideró que el contenido y la entrega de la intervención (en persona, por parte de profesionales capacitados) eran apropiados con las adaptaciones necesarias.
- La participación de los padres/cuidadores fue identificada como crucial para el éxito de la intervención.
Conclusiones:
- Se desarrolló una nueva intervención de 4 semanas de CBTi para adolescentes con problemas de salud mental concomitantes.
- La intervención incluye materiales de la sesión y un paquete de capacitación para expertos no relacionados con el sueño.
- Esto representa el primer uso de la consulta iterativa de expertos para crear una intervención de este tipo para esta población.
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