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Un patógeno subestimado: la especie Corynebacterium

Brooks I Mitchell^1,2, John E Markantonis³

¹Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Journal of clinical microbiology

|August 20, 2025

Resumen

Las especies de Corynebacterium que no son difterias son cada vez más reconocidas como patógenos que causan diversas infecciones, desde el torrente sanguíneo hasta las relacionadas con los dispositivos. La identificación precisa utilizando la espectrometría de masa de desorción / ionización de tiempo de vuelo asociada a la matriz es crucial para los laboratorios de microbiología clínica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología médica
Enfermedades infecciosas
Diagnóstico clínico

Sus antecedentes:

Históricamente, las especies de Corynebacterium, con exclusión de C. diphtheriae, se consideraban no patógenas.
Las últimas décadas muestran un aumento de las especies de Corynebacterium no difterias patógenas que causan diversas infecciones.
Estas bacterias están vinculadas a escenarios clínicos y sitios anatómicos específicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Resaltar las funciones patógenas emergentes de las especies de Corynebacterium que no son difterias.
Hacer hincapié en la importancia de una identificación e información precisas en la microbiología clínica.
Discutir la utilidad del MALDI-TOF MS en la identificación de estos organismos.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura de casos clínicos y estudios microbiológicos.
Análisis de los tipos de infección asociados con especies específicas de Corynebacterium.
Discusión de los métodos de diagnóstico, incluida la EM MALDI-TOF.

Principales resultados:

C. striatum y C. jeikeium causan infecciones del torrente sanguíneo y ortopédicas.
C. macginleyi y C. otitidis están implicados en infecciones oculares y auditivas.
El grupo C. propinquum/pseudodiphtheriticum causa neumonía; el C. urealyticum causa cistitis; el C. kroppenstedtii está relacionado con la mastitis.
Los trastornos cutáneos como el eritrasma están asociados con C. aurimucosum/minutissimum.
La formación de biopelículas conduce a infecciones asociadas al dispositivo (catéteres, derivaciones, prótesis).

Conclusiones:

Las especies de Corynebacterium que no son difterias son patógenos significativos que requieren conocimiento clínico.
La identificación optimizada en el laboratorio, particularmente con MALDI-TOF MS, es esencial para la atención del paciente.
Ayuda a la identificación precisa en el tratamiento y manejo adecuados de las infecciones relacionadas con Corynebacterium.

Palabras clave:

Corynebacterium, también conocido como Corynebacterium barras corineformes gram-positivas la difteria

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