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Niveles de hierro y vitamina B12 en niños en edad escolar
Isıl Culha Hosceylan1, Tunç Kallemoglu2, Mine Basibuyuk3
1Department of Social Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medipol University.
Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology
|August 20, 2025
Resumen
La anemia es más frecuente en las niñas en edad escolar, mientras que la deficiencia de vitamina B12 afecta con mayor frecuencia a los niños adolescentes. El control del hierro y la vitamina B12 es crucial para la salud de los niños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Nutrición pediátrica
- Hematología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Las deficiencias de micronutrientes, incluidos el hierro y la vitamina B12, son frecuentes en los niños en edad escolar.
- Estas deficiencias pueden obstaculizar el crecimiento y el desarrollo cognitivo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los niveles de hierro y vitamina B12 en niños en edad escolar.
- Identificar la prevalencia y los factores de riesgo de las deficiencias.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio retrospectivo transversal de 234 niños (de 6 a 18 años) en una unidad de medicina familiar.
- Se ha evaluado el hemograma, el hierro sérico, la capacidad total de unión del hierro, la ferritina y los niveles de vitamina B12.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de anemia fue del 9,4% (más alta en las niñas).
- Se encontró anemia por deficiencia de hierro en el 3,4% de los niños.
- El 56,3% tenía niveles bajos de ferritina.
- La deficiencia de vitamina B12 afectó al 40,6%, especialmente a los niños adolescentes (de 12 a 18 años).
Conclusiones:
- La anemia es más común en las niñas en edad escolar.
- La deficiencia de vitamina B12 es más frecuente en los niños adolescentes.
- El control regular del hierro y la vitamina B12 es esencial para la salud del niño.
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