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Artículo de revisión: Impacto del consumo de alcohol en el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad hepática
Yunxuan Lei1, Yixuan Zhu1, Wenjing Ni2
1Department of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
|August 20, 2025
Resumen
La ingesta de alcohol empeora la enfermedad hepática estatótica asociada a la disfunción metabólica (MASLD) al amplificar la grasa y la inflamación del hígado. La comprensión de esta interacción es clave para el tratamiento personalizado de MASLD y la evaluación del riesgo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hepatología
- Trastornos del metabolismo
- Gastroenterología
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad hepática estatotica asociada a la disfunción metabólica (MASLD) es una afección hepática generalizada relacionada con problemas metabólicos como la obesidad y la resistencia a la insulina.
- Históricamente visto por separado de la enfermedad hepática relacionada con el alcohol, MASLD ahora se está reevaluando debido a los datos emergentes sobre el impacto del alcohol.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo el consumo de alcohol influye en la progresión de la enfermedad.
- Explorar los mecanismos, los efectos clínicos y los desafíos de estratificación del riesgo en pacientes con MASLD con ingesta de alcohol.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión narrativa de los estudios que examinan la interacción del alcohol con la disfunción metabólica en el MASLD.
- Se incluye la investigación epidemiológica y mecanicista hasta junio de 2025.
Principales resultados:
- La ingesta moderada de alcohol agrava la esteatosis hepática a través del estrés oxidativo, los cambios en el metabolismo de los lípidos y la disbiosis intestinal.
- El alcohol amplifica la inflamación, acelerando la progresión de MASLD hacia la esteatohepatitis, la fibrosis y la cirrosis.
- El consumo de alcohol dependiente de la dosis muestra efectos sinérgicos con la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico en la gravedad de la enfermedad hepática.
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta de alcohol acelera sinérgicamente la progresión de MASLD a través de mecanismos complejos.
- La evaluación estandarizada del consumo de alcohol es crucial para una estratificación efectiva del riesgo de la enfermedad y un tratamiento personalizado.
Palabras clave:
consumo de alcoholDisfunción metabólica enfermedad hepática grasa asociadaEnfermedad hepática esteatóticaMás Videos Relacionados
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