Estudio farmacocinético y modelado de la amoxicilina después de la administración intramuscular en terneros con
Morgane Moustaghfir1, Bernadette Espana2, Karine Hauray3
1ANSES-Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France.
Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
|August 20, 2025
Resumen
Las concentraciones plasmáticas de amoxicilina (AMX) en terneros con onfalitis fueron muy variables y a menudo inferiores a los niveles terapéuticos. Las simulaciones de administración repetida tampoco alcanzaron el punto de ruptura para las bacterias susceptibles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Farmacología veterinaria
- Farmacocinética
- Sanidad animal
Sus antecedentes:
- La onfalitis es una infección común de la pantorrilla que requiere un tratamiento eficaz con antibióticos.
- La amoxicilina y el ácido clavulánico (AMC) es un antimicrobiano de uso frecuente en medicina veterinaria.
- Comprender la farmacocinética de la amoxicilina en terneros enfermos es crucial para optimizar la eficacia del tratamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar los parámetros farmacocinéticos plasmáticos de la amoxicilina (AMX) en terneros con onfalitis.
- Evaluar la variabilidad de la farmacocinética de AMX entre los terneros individuales.
- Evaluar la eficacia terapéutica potencial de AMX basándose en los puntos de ruptura establecidos.
Principales métodos:
- Una sola administración intramuscular de amoxicilina y ácido clavulánico (AMC) a terneros (n=7).
- Recolección de muestras de plasma durante 6 horas después de la administración.
- Cuantificación de las concentraciones de AMX mediante cromatografía líquida/espectrometría de masas (LC-MS/MS).
- Análisis farmacocinéticos no compartimentales y poblacionales, incluidas las simulaciones de Monte Carlo.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una alta variabilidad interindividual en los parámetros farmacocinéticos (Cl, Vd).
- Las concentraciones plasmáticas máximas (Cmax) oscilaron entre 1,22 y 5,99 μg/ ml con un Tmax entre 0,75 y 2 horas.
- Las concentraciones plasmáticas de AMX se mantuvieron constantemente por debajo del punto de ruptura de 4 mg/L para E. coli y Pasteurella spp. susceptibles, incluso en simulaciones de dosificación repetida.
Conclusiones:
- Las administraciones repetidas y simuladas de AMX/AMC pueden no alcanzar concentraciones terapéuticas en terneros con onfalitis.
- La alta variabilidad farmacocinética requiere una mayor investigación para optimizar los regímenes posológicos.
- La dosis actual puede ser insuficiente para tratar eficazmente las infecciones bacterianas susceptibles en este escenario clínico.
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