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Más allá de los ataques ad hominem: una tipología de las tácticas discursivas utilizadas cuando se opone a los

Ashley L Shea¹, Aspen K B Omapang², Ji Yong Cho²

¹Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.

|August 20, 2025

Resumen

Los ataques ad hominem son comunes en las discusiones de noticias en línea. Este estudio encontró que, aunque es frecuente, las personas usan diversas tácticas de objeción discursiva más allá de los ataques personales para responder a los comentarios de noticias en línea.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias sociales
Estudios de comunicación
Ciencias sociales computacionales

Sus antecedentes:

Las redes sociales son un foro principal para el discurso público sobre las noticias.
Los ataques ad hominem son frecuentes en estas conversaciones en línea.
Estos ataques pueden servir a varios objetivos, incluido el desacreditar fuentes o silenciar puntos de vista opuestos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para explorar la prevalencia de los ataques ad hominem en los comentarios de noticias en línea.
Identificar y caracterizar diversas tácticas de objeción discursiva utilizadas en respuesta a las noticias en línea.
Comprender la variedad de estrategias empleadas en la comunicación en línea de base.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de contenido de más de 6.500 respuestas de comentarios a videos de noticias de tendencia en YouTube y Twitter.
Identificación de siete tácticas de objeción discursivas distintas.
Análisis de la frecuencia de estas tácticas en dos grandes conjuntos de datos de comentarios.

Principales resultados:

Los ataques ad hominem son la táctica discursiva más común en los comentarios de noticias en línea.
También se emplean una amplia variedad de otras tácticas de objeción discursiva.
Los hallazgos ponen de relieve las diversas estrategias de comunicación utilizadas en las interacciones en línea de base.

Conclusiones:

Las discusiones de noticias en línea presentan una gama de tácticas de objeción más allá de los ataques ad hominem.
La comprensión de estas tácticas proporciona una visión de las estrategias de comunicación de base.
El estudio ofrece una tipología de discurso disuasorio, comunicación no acomodativa y estrategias prosociales.

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