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El entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio mejora la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco y la fuerza muscular respiratoria en

Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo^1,2, Sainatee Pratanaphon^1,2, Arisa Parameyong^1,2

¹Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

|August 20, 2025

Resumen

El entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio (IMT) mejoró significativamente la fuerza muscular inspiratoria y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en adultos jóvenes obesos. Este enfoque no farmacológico mostró posibles beneficios cardiovasculares, aunque la función pulmonar se mantuvo sin cambios.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología del ejercicio
Salud cardiovascular
Investigación sobre la obesidad

Sus antecedentes:

La obesidad está asociada con un deterioro de la función autónoma y una reducción de la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria.
El entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio (IMT) es una intervención no farmacológica con beneficios potenciales para la salud respiratoria y cardiovascular.
Los adultos jóvenes obesos pueden beneficiarse de intervenciones específicas para mejorar los marcadores de salud.

Objetivo del estudio:

Determinar los efectos de la TMI en la función pulmonar, la fuerza muscular inspiratoria y la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco (VRC) en adultos jóvenes obesos.
Investigar si la IMT puede mejorar la modulación autónoma, específicamente el equilibrio simpato-vagal, en esta población.
Para probar la hipótesis de que el IMT mejora la fuerza muscular inspiratoria y la modulación autónoma en adultos jóvenes obesos.

Principales métodos:

Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado en el que participaron 19 adultos jóvenes obesos (IMC ≥ 25 kg/ m2, de entre 18 y 25 años).
Los participantes fueron asignados a un grupo de IMT (55% MIP, 30 respiraciones dos veces al día, 5 días a la semana durante 4 semanas) o un grupo de control.
Las mediciones incluyeron la función pulmonar, la presión inspiratoria máxima (PMI) y la VHC al inicio, la semana 2 y la semana 4.

Principales resultados:

Se observaron mejoras significativas en la fuerza muscular inspiratoria en el grupo IMT a la semana 2 (p < 0,05).
La relación de baja frecuencia/alta frecuencia (LF/HF) de la VRC disminuyó en el grupo IMT, lo que indica un mejor equilibrio simpato-vaginal.
No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en la función pulmonar o en la resistencia muscular inspiratoria.

Conclusiones:

La IMT aumenta efectivamente la fuerza muscular inspiratoria en adultos jóvenes obesos.
La IMT mejora la modulación autónoma, como lo demuestra el aumento de la VRC y el equilibrio simpato-vagal.
La IMT presenta una estrategia no farmacológica prometedora para mejorar los marcadores de salud cardiovascular en individuos jóvenes obesos.

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