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La crianza y la estimulación del desarrollo infantil en el hogar: perspectivas desde el punto de vista de los

Jeniffer Stephanie Marques Hilário^1,2, Letícia Pancieri¹, Regina Aparecida Garcia de Lima¹

¹Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.

Revista latino-americana de enfermagem

|August 20, 2025

Resumen

Las prácticas de crianza materna tienen un impacto en el desarrollo del niño, siendo clave el cuidado y las oportunidades de aprendizaje. El marco de cuidados de crianza pone de relieve las fortalezas y las vulnerabilidades en el entorno doméstico para los niños menores de un año.

Área de la Ciencia:

Desarrollo infantil
Salud materna
Enfermería pediátrica

Sus antecedentes:

Las rutinas diarias en el hogar son parte integral de las prácticas de crianza que influyen en el desarrollo del niño.
Los informes de las madres revelan tanto las fortalezas como las debilidades en el entorno de cuidado del niño.
Un entorno familiar acogedor e interactivo fomenta las oportunidades de aprendizaje temprano.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar las prácticas de crianza materna para los niños menores de un año en el contexto familiar.
Evaluar estas prácticas a través de la lente del marco de cuidado de crianza.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio cualitativo que emplea la hermenéutica filosófica y el enfoque conceptual de cuidado de crianza.
Entrevistas semi-estructuradas en profundidad con 27 madres.
Análisis temático inductivo de los datos de las entrevistas.

Principales resultados:

Las prácticas de crianza incluían el juego, la socialización, el tiempo de pantalla, la participación paterna y la lectura ocasional.
Las madres expresaron incertidumbre con respecto al establecimiento de límites, la educación temprana y las percepciones del desarrollo infantil.
Los hallazgos mostraron una alineación parcial con los dominios de cuidado de crianza: cuidado receptivo, aprendizaje temprano y seguridad infantil.

Conclusiones:

Las prácticas de crianza materna reflejan el entorno de cuidado del niño en el hogar, presentando tanto fortalezas como vulnerabilidades.
Los dominios de cuidado infantil son valiosos para analizar el cuidado infantil dentro de la atención primaria de salud.
La capacidad de respuesta de los padres y las rutinas diarias son cruciales para el desarrollo óptimo del niño, lo que sugiere estrategias para el cuidado de enfermería.

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