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Riesgo de asma en los jóvenes que asistieron a piscinas cloradas en la primera infancia

Cristiano de Lima Silvestre¹, Ricardo Freitas-Dias¹, Emília Chagas Costa²

¹Universidade de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hebiatria - Recife (PE), Brazil.

Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo

|August 20, 2025

Resumen

La natación infantil en piscinas cloradas no se asoció con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar asma. Esta revisión sistemática no encontró ninguna relación entre la exposición temprana a los productos químicos de la piscina y el diagnóstico posterior de asma.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud del medio ambiente
Medicina respiratoria en niños
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

La exposición a los subproductos volátiles de la cloración en las piscinas es una preocupación para la salud infantil.
Investigaciones anteriores han explorado posibles vínculos entre la exposición a la piscina y los problemas respiratorios en los niños.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar y evaluar sistemáticamente la asociación entre la natación en la primera infancia en piscinas cloradas y el riesgo subsiguiente de desarrollar asma.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA.
Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar y ScienceDirect para estudios publicados entre 2003 y 2020.
Se incluyeron estudios de cohorte y análisis transversales de niños nadando en piscinas cloradas, con evaluación de la calidad metodológica.

Principales resultados:

Seis estudios con 4058 sujetos y 310 eventos de asma cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.
El coeficiente de probabilidad combinado para el riesgo de asma fue de 1,09 (IC del 95%: 0,67-1,77; p=0,740), lo que indica que no existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa.

Conclusiones:

Esta es la primera revisión sistemática exhaustiva sobre este tema.
No se encontró ninguna asociación entre nadar en piscinas cloradas durante la primera infancia y el riesgo de desarrollar asma.

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