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Evaluación de la implementación de una intervención multicomponente basada en la escuela y la atención primaria para

Aurélie Bocquier¹, Maïa Simon², Morgane Michel³

¹Université de Lorraine, Inserm, INSPIIRE, Nancy F-54000, France.

Journal of infection and public health

|August 20, 2025

Resumen

El aumento de la cobertura de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) requiere intervenciones combinadas de la escuela y el médico general. La vacunación en la escuela y la capacitación del médico de cabecera aumentaron significativamente las tasas de vacunación contra el VPH en adolescentes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Vacunas y vacunas
Investigación en servicios de salud

Sus antecedentes:

La cobertura de la vacuna contra el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) en Francia está por debajo de las expectativas.
El programa PrevHPV desarrolló y evaluó una intervención de múltiples componentes para mejorar la vacunación contra el VPH.
Este estudio evaluó los resultados de la implementación y la eficacia de los componentes de intervención de PrevHPV.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación (fidelidad, dosis, alcance, aceptabilidad y sostenibilidad) de los componentes de la intervención contra el VPH.
Determinar el impacto de cada componente en la cobertura de la vacuna contra el VPH.
Identificar los factores que influyen en la aplicación de las intervenciones en las escuelas.

Principales métodos:

Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado de clúster en el que participaron 91 municipios franceses.
El enfoque de métodos mixtos utiliza informes de actividad, cuestionarios y grupos focales.
Resultados de la aplicación evaluados utilizando marcos establecidos; eficacia medida por el VC del VPH.

Principales resultados:

Se observó una alta fidelidad, aceptabilidad y sostenibilidad de los componentes de la intervención.
El abandono escolar y los desafíos en la movilización de los médicos generales (GP) afectaron la dosis y el alcance.
La vacunación en la escuela y la capacitación del médico de cabecera aumentaron significativamente el VC del VPH; el componente de educación/motivación no fue significativo.

Conclusiones:

La combinación de intervenciones basadas en la escuela y la atención primaria es efectiva para aumentar el VC del VPH en adolescentes.
Los hallazgos ofrecen ideas prácticas para la implementación de estrategias de vacunación contra el VPH en el mundo real.
Las intervenciones específicas tanto en el ámbito educativo como en el de la salud son cruciales para alcanzar los objetivos de salud pública.

Palabras clave:

Efectividad Médicos generales El virus del papiloma humano Aplicación Estudio por métodos mixtos Programas de inmunización en las escuelas

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