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El gen de domesticación del trigo Q interactúa con TaARF12 para modular antagónicamente la arquitectura de la planta

Bingyan Liu¹, Mengjing Sun¹, Ke Wang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding/National Wheat Improvement Center/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.

The New phytologist

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

El gen de domesticación del trigo Q optimiza la arquitectura y el rendimiento de las plantas al alterar el tamaño celular y la fotosíntesis. Regula los genes clave, proporcionando nuevas herramientas para la mejora de los cultivos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Genética vegetal
Ciencias de los cultivos
Biología molecular

Sus antecedentes:

El gen de domesticación del trigo Q influye en la capacidad de trillado y el desarrollo de las plantas.
Sus funciones precisas en la arquitectura de la planta y los mecanismos subyacentes requieren una mayor aclaración.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para diseccionar los efectos del gen Q en la arquitectura de la planta de trigo.
Elucidar los mecanismos moleculares por los cuales Q modula la arquitectura y el rendimiento de las plantas.
Identificar haplotipos favorables para la mejora del trigo.

Principales métodos:

Pruebas de sobreexpresión transgénica y knockout.
Micromorfología y imágenes dinámicas.
Análisis de la productividad fisiológica.
Estudios multiómicos y de interacción molecular.
Ensayos de variación alélica y efecto genético.

Principales resultados:

El alelo Q domesticado 5AQ mejoró la arquitectura y el rendimiento de las plantas al modular el tamaño de las células del tallo y de la hoja, el desarrollo de la planta y la fotosíntesis.
Q regula los homólogos de los genes involucrados en la arquitectura de las plantas, el equilibrio hormonal y los componentes de la pared celular.
Q regula al alza TaARF12-2B y TaARF12-2D, pero los genes Q y TaARF12 muestran efectos antagónicos en la arquitectura de las plantas.
Se identificaron haplotipos favorables de TaARF12- 2B y se trazó su historia evolutiva.

Conclusiones:

El gen Q juega un papel específico en el control de la arquitectura de la planta de trigo y la formación de rendimiento.
Este estudio ofrece información sobre los mecanismos reguladores de Q.
Las variaciones genéticas identificadas ofrecen herramientas moleculares para mejorar los programas de mejoramiento del trigo.

Palabras clave:

gen de domesticación Q disección funcional Arquitectura de las plantas el trigo potencial de rendimiento

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