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Disparidades sociodemográficas en los entornos de atención de salud mental entre adultos
Emma K Boswell1, Peiyin Hung1, Jiajia Zhang2
1University of South Carolina Rural Health Research Center, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
El acceso a la atención de salud mental muestra disparidades. Las poblaciones rurales tienen menos acceso a la telesalud, mientras que las minorías raciales y étnicas se enfrentan a un acceso desigual a los servicios ambulatorios e internos, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de iniciativas de atención equitativas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Investigación en servicios de salud
- Disparidades en materia de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades mentales no tratadas suponen una carga social e individual significativa.
- Las disparidades sociodemográficas persistentes limitan el acceso a la atención de salud mental.
- Las poblaciones rurales y racialmente marginadas encuentran barreras únicas a los servicios de salud mental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las disparidades rurales-urbanas en los entornos de atención de la salud mental.
- Para examinar las disparidades racial-étnicas en los entornos de atención de salud mental.
- Informar sobre las intervenciones específicas para las poblaciones desatendidas.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal que utiliza datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre el Uso de Drogas y la Salud (2021-2022).
- Análisis de 92.639 encuestados adultos.
- Pruebas chi-cuadrado de Rao-Scott y regresiones logísticas multivariables con pesos de encuesta complejos.
Principales resultados:
- No se observaron diferencias entre las zonas rurales y las urbanas en la recepción de atención hospitalaria o ambulatoria.
- Los encuestados no metropolitanos eran menos propensos a utilizar la atención virtual (telesalud).
- Se observaron disparidades raciales y étnicas: las personas blancas no hispanas tienen más probabilidades de recibir atención ambulatoria, medicamentos y telesalud; las personas negras no hispanas tienen más probabilidades de recibir atención hospitalaria.
Conclusiones:
- La adopción de la telemedicina no mejoró uniformemente el acceso entre las clasificaciones rural-urbana.
- Persisten importantes disparidades raciales y étnicas en la utilización de la atención de salud mental.
- Las iniciativas que promueven la competencia cultural y la equidad racial y étnica son cruciales para la atención de la salud mental.
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