Polifarmacia psicotrópica y factores relacionados en niños y adolescentes
Mutlu Muhammed Özbek1, Ekin Atay2, Doğa Sevinçok3
1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yalova University, Faculty of Medicine, Yalova, Türkiye.
Psychiatry investigation
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes de psiquiatría infantil y adolescente con trastornos de conducta, edad avanzada y diagnósticos comórbidos son más propensos a recibir polifarmacia. Comprender estos factores es clave para reducir el uso de medicamentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría Infantil y Adolescente
- Psicología clínica
- Psicofarmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- La polifarmacia es común en la psiquiatría infantil y adolescente, pero los factores que influyen en su uso requieren más investigación.
- Comprender las características clínicas asociadas con la polifarmacia es crucial para optimizar las estrategias de tratamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar las características clínicas de los pacientes en las clínicas de psiquiatría infantil y adolescente en todos los grupos de edad.
- Determinar la prevalencia de la polifarmacia y sus factores asociados en una muestra clínica.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de 569 expedientes de pacientes con datos completos.
- Diagnósticos psiquiátricos basados en los criterios del DSM-5.
- Los datos recopilados incluían edad, género, educación, diagnósticos psiquiátricos y tratamientos.
Principales resultados:
- La irritabilidad fue más común en los usuarios polifarmacéuticos; los problemas domésticos fueron más comunes en los usuarios no polifarmacéuticos.
- El diagnóstico de trastornos de conducta, la edad avanzada y la comorbilidad psiquiátrica se asociaron significativamente con la polifarmacia.
- El trastorno de conducta (OR=11.08), la edad (OR=1.14) y la comorbilidad (OR=116.87) predijeron fuertemente la polifarmacia.
Conclusiones:
- Los trastornos de conducta, la edad y los diagnósticos psiquiátricos comórbidos elevan significativamente el riesgo de polifarmacia en pacientes psiquiátricos pediátricos.
- La identificación de los factores que contribuyen a la polifarmacia es esencial para minimizar la medicación innecesaria en esta población.
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