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Epidemiología espacial del dengue y la chikungunya en Karnataka utilizando análisis basados en SIG

Prathiksha Prakash Nayak¹, Jagadeesha Pai B¹, Sreejith Govindan²

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Global health action

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

El análisis espacial del dengue y la chikungunya en Karnataka reveló la agrupación de enfermedades. El mapeo de SIG identificó distritos de alto riesgo, ayudando a estrategias de control específicas para estas enfermedades transmitidas por vectores.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología
Sistemas de información geográfica (SIG)
Análisis espacial

Sus antecedentes:

El dengue y la chikungunya son enfermedades transmitidas por vectores importantes que requieren un control eficaz.
Comprender su distribución espacial es clave para las estrategias de salud pública.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar los patrones espaciales y las tendencias del dengue y la chikungunya en Karnataka (2021-2024).
Identificar los distritos de alto riesgo utilizando métodos basados en SIG.

Principales métodos:

Se utiliza cartografía basada en SIG para el análisis de la distribución espacial.
Se utilizó la autocorrelación espacial (I de Moran) y el análisis de clúster.

Principales resultados:

Se registraron 38.229 casos de dengue y 8.094 de chikungunya.
El dengue mostró una autocorrelación espacial positiva (agrupación) en 2021 y 2023.
Chikungunya cambió de patrones dispersos a agrupados entre 2023 y 2024.

Conclusiones:

La vigilancia basada en SIG mejora la detección de brotes y la asignación de recursos.
La autocorrelación espacial ayuda en el modelado predictivo de enfermedades infecciosas.
La epidemiología espacial integrada es vital para la mitigación de enfermedades y la planificación urbana.

Palabras clave:

Chiquingunya, también conocido como El dengue Información geográfica Sistema de epidemiología espacial (SIG)Autocorrelación en el espacio

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