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La tuberculosis y la salud mental: un síndrome mal abordado en la India
Sanjitha Muneeswaran1, Chapal Mehra2, Lancelot M Pinto3
1DNB resident, Department of Respiratory Medicine, PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
La tuberculosis (TB) y los trastornos de salud mental (MH) a menudo ocurren juntos en la India, empeorando los resultados de los pacientes. La integración de la atención de la MH en los programas de TB es crucial para un mejor éxito del tratamiento y el bienestar del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Investigación de la salud mental
Sus antecedentes:
- La India se enfrenta a una carga doble significativa de tuberculosis (TB) y trastornos de salud mental (MH).
- Tanto la TB como la MH son frecuentemente subdiagnosticadas debido al estigma y las dificultades de diagnóstico.
- La coexistencia de los trastornos de la tuberculosis y la MH constituye una sindemia con graves consecuencias para la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la relación bidireccional entre los trastornos de la TB y la MH.
- Destacar el impacto negativo de los trastornos de MH en los resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis, incluida la adherencia, el seguimiento y la mortalidad.
- Abogar por la integración de la detección de MH y el apoyo dentro de los programas de TB para mejorar la atención al paciente.
Principales métodos:
- Este estudio es una revisión de la literatura existente sobre la interacción entre la TB y los trastornos de la MH en la India.
- El análisis se centra en el impacto de las afecciones comórbidas de MH en el tratamiento de la tuberculosis.
- Se hace hincapié en la necesidad de estrategias de atención integradas.
Principales resultados:
- Los problemas de salud mental empeoran significativamente los resultados del tratamiento de la tuberculosis, aumentando los riesgos de no adherencia, pérdida de seguimiento y mortalidad.
- La naturaleza sindémica de los trastornos de la TB y la MH requiere un enfoque coordinado de la atención.
- La atención actual de la tuberculosis en la India no aborda adecuadamente las necesidades de salud mental de los pacientes.
Conclusiones:
- La integración de la detección y el apoyo a la salud mental en los programas de tuberculosis es esencial para la atención integral del paciente.
- Las herramientas simples de detección y las intervenciones basadas en la comunidad pueden mejorar la detección temprana y el tratamiento de las afecciones comórbidas de MH.
- La colaboración entre los profesionales de la salud y los especialistas en salud mental, junto con la reducción del estigma, es vital para lograr objetivos de atención centrados en el paciente y avanzar en los estándares de atención de la tuberculosis.
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