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La exposición prenatal al cannabis, el cerebro y la psicopatología durante la adolescencia temprana
David Aa Baranger1, Alex P Miller2, Aaron J Gorelik1
1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
Nature. Mental health
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
La exposición prenatal al cannabis (ECP) en adolescentes está relacionada con alteraciones del desarrollo cerebral, específicamente en las regiones frontal y parietal. Estos cambios cerebrales pueden aumentar la vulnerabilidad a problemas de salud mental más adelante en la vida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La exposición prenatal al cannabis (ECP) es una preocupación creciente para la salud pública.
- La ECP se asocia con resultados adversos para la salud mental en la adolescencia.
- Los mecanismos neurobiológicos subyacentes a estas asociaciones siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los correlatos neurobiológicos de la PCE.
- Examinar las diferencias estructurales y funcionales del cerebro en adolescentes con ECP.
- Explorar posibles vías de mediación para los resultados de salud mental relacionados con la ECP.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal de una gran cohorte de adolescentes (n=9,322-10,186) de entre 9 y 12 años.
- Técnicas de neuroimagen (IRM) para evaluar la materia gris, la materia blanca y la conectividad funcional en estado de reposo.
- Análisis estadísticos para el control de múltiples factores de confusión.
Principales resultados:
- PCE asociado con diferencias localizadas de materia gris y blanca en las corteza frontal y parietal.
- Se observó alteración de la conectividad estriatal en estado de reposo en adolescentes con ECP.
- Las métricas de difusión en fórceps menores y pars triangularis mediaron parcialmente las asociaciones PCE- TDAH.
Conclusiones:
- La ECP está relacionada con alteraciones específicas en el desarrollo del cerebro adolescente.
- Estos cambios neurobiológicos pueden conferir vulnerabilidad a problemas de salud mental.
- Los hallazgos ponen de relieve la importancia de comprender el impacto neurológico a largo plazo de la PCE.
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