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Los primeros ERP disocian subjetivamente el procesamiento de caras de bajo y alto nivel

Maximilian Bruchmann1,2, Josephine Skutta1, Sebastian Schindler1,2

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Incluso las caras inconscientes desencadenan respuestas cerebrales tempranas. El procesamiento visual de bajo nivel (P1) se produce para todos los estímulos, mientras que la percepción facial de alto nivel (N170) distingue las caras, incluso cuando no se perciben conscientemente.

Palabras clave:
EEG y ERPel rostroProcesamiento no conscienteEscala de conocimiento perceptivoEl desorden.subliminal

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia cognitiva
  • Percepción visual
  • Psicología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El procesamiento de estímulos percibidos inconscientemente, particularmente rostros, sigue siendo un tema de debate en la ciencia cognitiva.
  • Comprender los correlatos neuronales de la percepción consciente frente a la no consciente es crucial para mapear la función cerebral.
  • Los potenciales relacionados con eventos (ERP) ofrecen una resolución temporal para investigar las etapas de procesamiento neural rápido.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el procesamiento neuronal de las caras frente a los estímulos de control en condiciones de conciencia variable.
  • Para disociar el procesamiento sensorial temprano del procesamiento posterior de la cara configural utilizando ERP.
  • Para determinar si el procesamiento específico de la cara ocurre sin percepción consciente.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó electroencefalografía (EEG) para registrar potenciales relacionados con eventos (ERP) de 40 participantes.
  • Las caras presentadas, las caras revueltas y los óvalos brevemente (17 ms) seguidos de una máscara.
  • Se analizaron los primeros componentes del ERP (P1, N170) y se correlacionaron con las calificaciones subjetivas de conocimiento.

Principales resultados:

  • El componente P1 mostró amplitudes similares para las caras y los estímulos codificados, lo que indica un procesamiento sensorial temprano independientemente de la conciencia.
  • El componente N170 diferenció las caras de los estímulos de control, incluso para las caras percibidas inconscientemente, aunque con diferencias atenuadas.
  • Tanto los rostros conscientes como los no conscientes provocaron respuestas neuronales distintas, apoyando las primeras etapas del procesamiento facial.

Conclusiones:

  • Los hallazgos sugieren dos etapas tempranas distintas del procesamiento facial: una etapa sensorial de bajo nivel (P1) y una etapa de procesamiento de configuración (N170).
  • La respuesta del componente N170 a las caras no conscientes indica que se produce algún nivel de procesamiento específico de la cara fuera de la conciencia.
  • Estos resultados desafían la noción de que todo el procesamiento facial requiere percepción consciente.