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Asociaciones entre subtipos de empatía y agresión en adolescentes de alto riesgo
Isabella Kahhale1, Jamie Hanson1, Adrian Raine2
1University of Pittsburgh (Department of Psychology), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
Una mayor empatía somática en los adolescentes está relacionada con una menor agresión. La empatía afectiva, sin embargo, se correlacionó con un aumento de la agresión reactiva, lo que sugiere que distintos subtipos de empatía influyen en la agresión juvenil de manera diferente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Psicología clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- La agresividad juvenil es un predictor significativo de resultados de mala adaptación.
- La relación entre la empatía y la agresión está teóricamente vinculada pero empíricamente inconsistente.
- Comprender los subtipos de empatía es crucial para aclarar las vías de agresión.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las asociaciones únicas entre distintos subtipos de empatía y subtipos de agresión en adolescentes de alto riesgo.
- Para aclarar la literatura empírica mixta sobre la empatía y la agresión.
- Identificar posibles factores de protección contra la agresión juvenil.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio pre-registrado con una muestra diversa de 103 adolescentes de alto riesgo (Mage=16,1).
- La empatía se evaluó a través del informe de los jóvenes; la agresión se evaluó a través de los informes de los jóvenes, los padres y los maestros al inicio y al seguimiento de 9 meses.
- Análisis estadísticos controlados para covariables como la edad, el sexo y la reactividad emocional.
Principales resultados:
- La empatía somática consistentemente predijo una menor agresión reactiva y proactiva a través de múltiples informantes y puntos de tiempo.
- Una mayor empatía afectiva se asoció con un aumento de la agresión reactiva, incluso después de controlar la reactividad emocional.
- Los hallazgos destacan los roles diferenciales de los subtipos de empatía en la agresión juvenil.
Conclusiones:
- La empatía somática puede servir como un factor de protección contra la agresión de los adolescentes.
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a la sensibilidad emocional y la conciencia interoceptiva podrían reducir potencialmente la agresión juvenil.
- Considerar subtipos específicos de empatía y agresión es vital para comprender el riesgo y la resiliencia.
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