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Carga global de cáncer atribuible a un IMC alto (1990-2031): un análisis multidimensional basado en el GBD y la
Xianglin Zhu1,2, Yushuai Mi1, Lang Wang1,2
1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Frontiers in nutrition
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
El alto índice de masa corporal (IMC) está relacionado con 11 tipos de cáncer, con un aumento significativo de las muertes por cáncer y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALY). Las tendencias futuras sugieren una carga estable o creciente para la mayoría de los cánceres relacionados con la obesidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología
- La genética
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad representa un importante desafío para la salud pública mundial.
- Los problemas de salud relacionados con la obesidad, especialmente el cáncer, requieren atención urgente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar la asociación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y 12 tipos de cáncer.
- Examinar las disparidades en la carga del cáncer atribuida al IMC alto por región, género y edad.
- Proyectar las tendencias futuras en la carga del cáncer relacionada con la obesidad.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó la aleatorización mendeliana (MR) para investigar las asociaciones IMC- cáncer.
- Se analizaron los datos epidemiológicos de la base de datos Global Burden of Disease (GBD).
- Los modelos de media móvil integrada autoregressiva (ARIMA) predijeron las tendencias futuras del cáncer.
Principales resultados:
- El IMC alto representó más de 350,000 muertes por cáncer y 8.8 millones de DALY en 2021, un aumento sustancial desde 1990.
- Los cánceres de colon, recto y hígado mostraron la carga más alta; el cáncer de tiroides la más baja.
- Se identificó una relación causal entre un IMC alto y 11 tipos de cáncer, con una mayor carga observada en las mujeres y en el grupo de edad de 50 a 79 años.
Conclusiones:
- El IMC elevado está causalmente asociado con un mayor riesgo de 11 tipos de cáncer.
- La carga de cáncer relacionada con un IMC alto ha aumentado en tres décadas, con variaciones demográficas y regionales significativas.
- Las estrategias específicas de prevención y promoción de la salud son cruciales para mitigar los riesgos de cáncer relacionados con la obesidad.
Palabras clave:
La aleatorización mendelianael cánceraños de vida ajustados por incapacidadcarga mundial de enfermedadesíndice de masa corporal altola mortalidadMás Videos Relacionados
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