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Factores que afectan a los trastornos alimenticios en las adolescentes iraníes: una revisión de alcance
Faride Sadat Jalali1, Mohadeseh Ghanbari-Jahromi2
1Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran.
Health science reports
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio identificó los factores clave que contribuyen a los trastornos alimentarios en las adolescentes iraníes. Comprender estas influencias individuales y sociales es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones efectivas y mejorar los resultados del tratamiento para esta población vulnerable.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud de los adolescentes
- Psicología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos alimenticios son una preocupación importante para la salud de los adolescentes, especialmente las niñas.
- La identificación de los factores contribuyentes es esencial para el desarrollo de intervenciones específicas.
- La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha dado prioridad a los trastornos de la alimentación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los factores asociados con los trastornos alimentarios entre las adolescentes iraníes.
- Proporcionar una base para diseñar intervenciones oportunas y eficaces.
- Mejorar la comprensión de las consecuencias y el tratamiento de los trastornos alimentarios en este grupo demográfico.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó una metodología de revisión de alcance que se ajustaba a las directrices sobre los elementos de información preferidos para las revisiones sistemáticas y los metanálisis (PRISMA-SCR).
- Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura en las principales bases de datos científicas (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) y las bases de datos iraníes (SID, Magiran).
- Doce artículos relevantes fueron incluidos después de una rigurosa selección de títulos, resúmenes y textos completos.
Principales resultados:
- Los factores se clasificaron en individuales (estilo de vida, dieta, aspectos psicológicos, imagen corporal, edad en la menstruación) y sociales (estado socioeconómico, presiones sociales, niveles de conciencia).
- Los factores individuales como el bienestar psicológico y las preocupaciones por la imagen corporal fueron prominentes.
- Los factores sociales, incluido el estatus socioeconómico de la familia y las presiones sociales, desempeñaron un papel importante.
Conclusiones:
- Los trastornos alimentarios en las adolescentes son multifactoriales, influenciados tanto por factores individuales como sociales.
- Las intervenciones deben incluir educación sobre nutrición e imagen corporal, apoyo psicológico e implicación familiar.
- Promover la actividad física y proporcionar información de salud precisa son componentes vitales para mejorar los resultados de salud de los adolescentes.
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