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La respuesta al sobresalto y su modificación prepulsiva en la salud y bajo diferentes psicopatologías: ¿podríamos
1Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow 125315, Russia. storozheva_zi@mail.ru.
World journal of psychiatry
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
La inhibición del prepulso (PPI) de la respuesta al sobresalto (SR) se altera en varias psicopatologías. Esta revisión compara la modificación del prepulso SR en individuos sanos y pacientes, ayudando al diagnóstico temprano y a los modelos de traslación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La psiquiatría
- Psicología clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- La respuesta de sobresalto (SR) es un reflejo defensivo modificado por estímulos prepulsivos.
- La inhibición del prepulso (PPI) disminuye la amplitud de SR, mientras que la facilitación del prepulso la aumenta.
- La deficiencia de PPI se observa en todas las psicopatologías, lo que sugiere un papel transdiagnóstico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para analizar comparativamente los estudios sobre la modificación del prepulso SR.
- Investigar las diferencias entre sujetos sanos y pacientes con trastornos mentales/neurológicos.
- Orientar la investigación futura para mejorar el diagnóstico precoz y los modelos traslacionales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de la literatura existente.
- Revisión de los estudios que examinan la modificación del prepulso SR.
- Síntesis de los hallazgos entre cohortes sanas y pacientes.
Principales resultados:
- PPI y la facilitación del prepulso exhiben patrones alterados en varios grupos de pacientes.
- La evidencia sugiere que hay distintos mecanismos neurofisiológicos, neuroquímicos y moleculares que subyacen a los déficits de PPI.
- La variabilidad en la modificación del prepulso SR puede indicar diferencias nosológicas específicas.
Conclusiones:
- La modificación del prepulso SR es un indicador sensible de condiciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas.
- Comprender estas alteraciones puede refinar los criterios de diagnóstico y los objetivos terapéuticos.
- Se necesita más investigación para aclarar los mecanismos específicos y mejorar la validez de la traducción.
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