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Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation01:16

Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation

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To construct a confidence interval for a single unknown population mean μ, where the population standard deviation is known, we need sample mean as an estimate for μ and we need the margin of error. Here, the margin of error (EBM) is called the error bound for a population mean (abbreviated EBM). The sample mean is the point estimate of the unknown population mean μ.
The confidence interval estimate will have the form as follows:
(point estimate - error bound, point estimate +...
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Distributions to Estimate Population Parameter01:26

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The accurate values of population parameters such as population proportion, population mean, and population standard deviation (or variance) are usually unknown. These are fixed values that can only be estimated from the data collected from the samples. The estimates of each of these parameters are sample proportion, the sample mean, and sample standard deviation (or variance). To obtain the values of these sample statistics, data are required that have particular distribution and central...
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Estimating Population Standard Deviation01:26

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When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of σ. However, it can sometimes under or overestimate the population standard deviation. To overcome this drawback, confidence intervals are determined to estimate population parameters and eliminate any calculation bias accurately. However, this only applies to random samples from normally distributed populations. Knowing the sample mean and...
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Estimating Population Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation01:22

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In practice, we rarely know the population standard deviation. In the past, when the sample size was large, this did not present a problem to statisticians. They used the sample standard deviation s as an estimate for σ and proceeded as before to calculate a confidence interval with close enough results. However, statisticians ran into problems when the sample size was small. A small sample size caused inaccuracies in the confidence interval.
William S. Gosset (1876–1937) of the...
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One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

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This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
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Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model01:13

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Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
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En la estimación semisupervisada utilizando modelos de mezcla de inclinación exponencial

Ye Tian1, Xinwei Zhang2, Zhiqiang Tan1

  • 1Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.

Journal of statistical planning and inference
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio introduce modelos de mezcla de inclinación exponencial (ETM) para la regresión logística semisupervisada, mejorando la eficiencia de la estimación. El enfoque mejora el modelado estadístico cuando los datos etiquetados y no etiquetados tienen diferentes proporciones de clase.

Palabras clave:
Eficiencia asimptóticaModelo de mezcla de inclinación exponencialRegresión logísticaEstimación de la probabilidad máximaAprendizaje semisupervisado

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Las estadísticas
  • Aprendizaje automático
  • Estadísticas biológicas

Sus antecedentes:

  • El aprendizaje semisupervisado aprovecha tanto los datos etiquetados como los no etiquetados.
  • La regresión logística es un modelo estadístico fundamental para resultados binarios.
  • Es posible que los métodos existentes no utilicen plenamente los datos sin etiquetar cuando las proporciones de clase difieren.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar y analizar modelos de mezcla de inclinación exponencial (ETM) para la regresión logística semi-supervisada.
  • Investigar la eficacia de las estimaciones basadas en la ETM en comparación con los métodos supervisados.
  • Explorar el impacto de las diferentes proporciones de clase entre conjuntos de datos etiquetados y no etiquetados.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron modelos de mezcla de inclinación exponencial (ETM).
  • Estimación de la probabilidad máxima no paramétrica empleada.
  • Propiedades asintóticas derivadas de los estimadores propuestos.
  • Estudios de simulación realizados para la validación numérica.

Principales resultados:

  • Se ha demostrado una mayor eficiencia de la estimación basada en ETM en comparación con la regresión logística supervisada.
  • Eficacia demostrada tanto en el muestreo aleatorio como en el estratificado de resultados.
  • Las ganancias de eficiencia conciliadas con la teoría de la eficiencia semiparamétrica existente en condiciones específicas.

Conclusiones:

  • Los modelos ETM ofrecen un enfoque estadísticamente sólido para la regresión logística semisupervisada.
  • El método proporciona ganancias de eficiencia, especialmente cuando las proporciones de clase varían.
  • Los hallazgos teóricos están respaldados por pruebas de simulación, lo que pone de relieve su aplicabilidad práctica.