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El uso de medios digitales y la exposición al tiempo de pantalla entre los jóvenes: una preocupación de salud pública
Muhammad I Khanani1, Muhammad R Khan2, Mohammed F Farooqi3,4
1Medicine, Burjeel Royal Hospital, Al Ain, ARE.
Cureus
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
El exceso de tiempo frente a las pantallas afecta negativamente a los niños
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Pediatría
- Estudios de los medios de comunicación
Sus antecedentes:
- El uso de medios digitales ha aumentado, acelerado por la pandemia de COVID-19.
- Aunque ofrece beneficios, el exceso de tiempo frente a las pantallas plantea importantes preocupaciones para la salud de los jóvenes.
- Existen pautas internacionales para el tiempo de pantalla limitado, pero se enfrentan a una adherencia inconsistente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los datos mundiales sobre los efectos en la salud física, mental, cognitiva y del desarrollo del uso de medios digitales en niños y adolescentes.
- Para sintetizar los resultados de la investigación y las recomendaciones de salud pública para hábitos digitales más saludables.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión exhaustiva de los datos globales recientes y los resultados de las investigaciones.
- Integración de estudios internacionales y recomendaciones de salud pública.
Principales resultados:
- Los riesgos para la salud física incluyen obesidad, problemas de sueño, problemas visuales y dolor por comportamiento sedentario.
- Los problemas de salud mental incluyen depresión, ansiedad, baja autoestima, autolesiones e ideas suicidas.
- El tiempo de pantalla de más de 2 a 4 horas diarias está relacionado con riesgos cognitivos y de desarrollo, aunque los umbrales precisos varían.
Conclusiones:
- El uso equilibrado de los medios digitales, los límites apropiados para la edad y la orientación de los padres son cruciales.
- La evidencia apoya la necesidad de estrategias específicas para promover hábitos de tiempo de pantalla más saludables en los jóvenes.
- Los médicos, los educadores y los responsables de la formulación de políticas pueden utilizar esta revisión para informar las intervenciones.
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