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Perspectivas de las enfermeras sobre la comunicación en la atención psiquiátrica aguda: un estudio cualitativo

Lina Xiang^1,2, Conghong Li², Qi Gao¹

¹Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

Las enfermeras en atención psiquiátrica aguda enfrentan desafíos de comunicación debido a los síntomas del paciente y las limitaciones de recursos. El desarrollo de estrategias de comunicación adaptadas es crucial para mejorar la atención al paciente y la eficacia de la enfermera.

Área de la Ciencia:

Enfermería psiquiátrica
Comunicación sobre el cuidado de la salud
Resultados en pacientes

Sus antecedentes:

La comunicación efectiva es vital en la atención psiquiátrica aguda para la evaluación de los síntomas y los resultados del paciente.
Existe una comprensión limitada con respecto a los desafíos y perspectivas de comunicación de las enfermeras con estos pacientes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Explorar las perspectivas de las enfermeras sobre la comunicación con los pacientes en entornos psiquiátricos agudos.

Principales métodos:

Muestreo intencional de 17 enfermeras de la sala psiquiátrica.
Las entrevistas cara a cara, semi-estructuradas.
Análisis temático de los datos recogidos.

Principales resultados:

Tema 1: Los desafíos de la comunicación incluyen la ineficacia percibida, las complejidades de las relaciones, los problemas de confianza, la falta de poder profesional y las limitaciones de recursos/institucionales.
Tema 2: Las estrategias de afrontamiento implican preparación proactiva, establecimiento de límites, regulación de la empatía, utilización de las fortalezas personales y gestión de los recursos emocionales.

Conclusiones:

Las enfermeras se encuentran con importantes barreras de comunicación derivadas de los síntomas del paciente, las brechas de habilidad y los problemas de la fuerza laboral, lo que afecta la comunicación efectiva a pesar de las estrategias de afrontamiento.
Un enfoque de comunicación estructurado y adaptado a los síntomas, que mejore las habilidades prácticas de las enfermeras, es esencial para la atención psiquiátrica aguda en China.

Palabras clave:

salud mental aguda las comunicaciones cultura y origen étnico Habilidades interpersonales

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