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Escudo de la naturaleza: el ginseng como agente neuroprotector contra la exposición a las nanopartículas de dióxido
Heba Abuzaied1, Dina W Bashir2, Eman Rashad2
1Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. hebaabuzaied@cu.edu.eg.
Journal of molecular histology
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
El Panax ginseng demuestra efectos protectores y terapéuticos contra la neurotoxicidad inducida por las nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio (TiO2-NP). El ginseng mejoró la función cognitiva y redujo el estrés oxidativo y el daño cerebral en ratas expuestas a TiO2-NPs.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Nanotoxicología
- La neurociencia
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio (TiO2-NPs) se utilizan ampliamente, pero presentan riesgos para los sistemas biológicos.
- El ginseng Panax es reconocido por sus propiedades protectoras de la salud.
- TiO2-NP puede inducir neurotoxicidad, afectando las funciones cognitivas y emocionales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el potencial neuroprotector y terapéutico del Panax ginseng contra la neurotoxicidad inducida por TiO2-NP en ratas machos.
- Evaluar los efectos del ginseng en los cambios conductuales, bioquímicos e histológicos inducidos por TiO2-NPs.
Principales métodos:
- Se dividieron 35 ratas macho en cinco grupos: control, sólo ginseng, sólo TiO2-NP, protegidas con ginseng y tratadas con ginseng.
- Los tratamientos se administraron por vía oral durante 30 días.
- Las evaluaciones incluyeron pruebas de comportamiento, análisis bioquímico (MDA, GSH) y examen histológico/inmunohistoquímico del tejido cerebral.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición a TiO2-NP deterioró la capacidad cognitiva, la reactividad emocional y el reconocimiento espacial.
- Los TiO2-NP aumentaron los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA) y disminuyeron los niveles de glutatión (GSH), lo que indica un estrés oxidativo.
- El análisis histológico reveló daño neuronal y vacuolación en ratas tratadas con TiO2-NP, con aumento de la inmunorreación GFAP.
Conclusiones:
- La administración de ginseng mejoró los déficits conductuales y restauró los niveles de antioxidantes en ratas expuestas a TiO2-NPs.
- El tratamiento con ginseng redujo el daño del tejido cerebral inducido por TiO2-NP y la neuroinflamación.
- El Panax ginseng exhibe efectos protectores y terapéuticos significativos contra la neurotoxicidad inducida por el TiO2-NP.
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