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¿Cómo influye el razonamiento en la atribución de la intencionalidad en el caso de los efectos secundarios?

Nicola Matteucci Armandi Avogli Trotti¹, Micaela Maria Zucchelli², Andrea Pavan²

¹Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, V.le Berti Pichat, 5, Bologna, Bo, 40127, Italy. nicola.matteucci4@unibo.it.

Cognitive processing

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

El razonamiento deliberativo y los tiempos de respuesta más largos reducen el sesgo en el juicio de la intencionalidad, particularmente para los efectos secundarios negativos. Esta investigación aclara cómo los procesos cognitivos influyen en los juicios morales sobre las acciones y sus consecuencias.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología cognitiva
Psicología moral
Conocimiento social

Sus antecedentes:

La evaluación objetiva de las acciones requiere la integración de estados mentales con consecuencias.
La percepción de la intencionalidad puede ser distorsionada por las consecuencias de la acción.
El efecto Knobe muestra una mayor atribución de intencionalidad para los efectos secundarios negativos que positivos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo los estilos y habilidades de razonamiento influyen en los juicios de intencionalidad.
Para entender los mecanismos detrás del efecto Knobe.
Para explorar cómo los factores cognitivos afectan los juicios morales.

Principales métodos:

172 estudiantes universitarios participaron en un diseño aleatorio entre sujetos.
Los participantes completaron cuestionarios de estilo de razonamiento (REI, AOT) y tareas de razonamiento silogístico.
Las tareas basadas en escenarios presentaban efectos secundarios negativos o positivos.

Principales resultados:

Un estilo de razonamiento más deliberativo redujo el sesgo en la atribución de intencionalidad.
Los tiempos de respuesta más largos se asociaron con un sesgo reducido.
Los tiempos de respuesta mediaron la influencia del estilo de razonamiento en el sesgo de juicio.

Conclusiones:

El razonamiento deliberativo y el aumento del tiempo de procesamiento mitigan el efecto Knobe.
Los estilos cognitivos y las latencias de respuesta juegan un papel crucial en los juicios morales.
Los hallazgos sugieren vías para una consideración más equilibrada de la intención y las consecuencias del actor.

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