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Ansiedad específica de COVID-19, estrés percibido relacionado con ataques de misiles y "episodios" de ansiedad
Yarin Szachter1, Hadar Shalev2, Limor Ahronson-Daniel3
1Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, tanto la ansiedad específica del virus como el estrés por ataque de misiles predijeron episodios generales de ansiedad. La ansiedad específica del virus predijo prospectivamente el número total de episodios de ansiedad, mientras que el estrés por ataque de misiles contribuyó al inicio de los episodios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de COVID-19 introdujo factores de estrés sin precedentes, incluida la ansiedad específica del virus (ASV).
- Simultáneamente, algunas poblaciones experimentaron factores de estrés simultáneos, como los ataques con misiles.
- Comprender la interacción de estos factores estresantes es crucial para la salud mental durante las crisis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las posibles funciones predictivas de VSA y el estrés relacionado con el ataque de misiles.
- Examinar su impacto combinado en los episodios generales de ansiedad durante la ola inicial de COVID-19 en Israel.
Principales métodos:
- Cuestionarios de autoinforme en línea administrados a 991 adultos israelíes durante 7 semanas.
- Episodios de ansiedad definidos por puntuaciones altas de ansiedad.
- Modelado binomial negativo inflado cero utilizado para analizar los datos de recuento, controlando la ansiedad basal.
Principales resultados:
- El mayor estrés de VSA y ataque de misiles percibido en la Ola 1 predijo una menor probabilidad de no experimentar episodios de ansiedad.
- El VSA predijo prospectivamente el número total de episodios de ansiedad.
- El estrés percibido por los ataques con misiles contribuyó a la aparición de episodios de ansiedad independientemente de VSA.
Conclusiones:
- Se observó un efecto aditivo: el estrés por ataque de misiles contribuyó a la aparición de ansiedad, mientras que VSA predijo la frecuencia de los episodios.
- Confiar en un solo factor estresante puede subestimar el impacto total en la salud mental de los factores estresantes concurrentes.
- Los médicos y los responsables de la formulación de políticas deben considerar la carga acumulada de múltiples factores estresantes durante las crisis de salud pública.
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