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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
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A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
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The bridge rectifier is essential in electronics for efficiently converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Comprised of four diodes configured in a bridge layout, this rectifier effectively processes both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform, making it superior to half-wave and full-wave center-tapped rectifiers in terms of voltage regulation and output stability.
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A three-phase AC generator has a rotor with a rotating magnet placed within the stator mounted with the stationary three-phase winding to generate three-phase voltages via mutual induction. These windings are evenly distributed around the inner circumference of the stator and are arranged 120 electrical degrees apart. Three-phase stator windings consist of three separate coils or groups of coils, known as phases, each connected in Y (star) configuration or Delta configuration.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Producción de haces de Bessel con un transformador de RF

Jian-Yu Lu

    IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
    |August 21, 2025
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo método para crear haces de Bessel de banda ancha utilizando un único amplificador de potencia de radiofrecuencia (RF), reduciendo el tamaño y la potencia para aplicaciones avanzadas de imágenes de ultrasonido.

    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Acústica y fenómenos de ondas
    • Tecnología de imágenes médicas
    • Ciencias de los materiales

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Los haces de Bessel ofrecen una propagación libre de difracción y una gran profundidad de campo, ideales para diversas aplicaciones.
    • La generación tradicional de haces de Bessel de ultrasonido requiere sistemas de amplificadores múltiples voluminosos e intensivos en energía, lo que limita las aplicaciones portátiles.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Desarrollar un método compacto y eficiente para la generación de haces de Bessel de banda ancha para aplicaciones de ultrasonido.
    • Para permitir aplicaciones de haz de Bessel en imágenes médicas portátiles y imágenes de súper resolución.

    Principales métodos:

    • Utilizó un único amplificador de potencia de radiofrecuencia (RF) de alto voltaje y un transformador RF personalizado.

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  • Utilizó un transductor de anillo de banda ancha de 10 anillos de 2,5 MHz hecho de un compuesto de cerámica y polímero PZT.
  • Impulso generado de haces de Bessel en agua a aproximadamente +/-90 V.
  • Principales resultados:

    • Logró rayos de Bessel de pulso comparables a los de múltiples amplificadores, simulaciones y teoría.
    • Se ha demostrado una anchura de haz de -6 dB de aproximadamente 2,53 mm (longitudes de onda 4,22).
    • Se obtuvo una profundidad de campo significativa de aproximadamente 216 mm (360 longitudes de onda).

    Conclusiones:

    • El nuevo método reduce significativamente el tamaño, el peso y el consumo de energía de los sistemas de generación de haz de Bessel.
    • Este avance facilita la integración de los haces de Bessel en los dispositivos de ultrasonido portátiles.
    • Potencial demostrado para imágenes en 3D y en varios planos utilizando rayos de Bessel con un reflector escaneado.