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Disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio en buzos profesionales de la marina

Annamaria Quarato1, Simone Di Cianni2, Fabio Germano3

  • 1Rome Garrison Infirmary of Italian Navy, Caserma Lante della Rovere, Rome, Italy.

Acta oto-laryngologica
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Los buzos de la Marina exhiben una menor incidencia de disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio (TE). Este estudio no encontró diferencias significativas en la disfunción ET entre buzos profesionales y no buzos, con un riesgo no relacionado con la actividad de buceo.

Palabras clave:
La trompa de EustaquioDisfunción de la trompa de EustaquioInflamación de los oídospresión en el oído medio

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Otorrinolaringología
  • Medicina de buceo
  • Fisiología auditiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La trompa de Eustaquio (TE) es crucial para la regulación de la presión del oído medio, especialmente para las personas en profesiones como el buceo.
  • La comprensión de la función ET es vital para evaluar los riesgos asociados con los cambios de presión en el oído.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio (TE) en buzos profesionales en comparación con los no buzos.
  • Para determinar si los factores de inmersión de buceo afectan la función ET.
  • Evaluar la prevalencia de la disfunción ET en buzos experimentados.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio de caso-control en el que participaron 34 buzos profesionales de la Marina y 35 no buzos.
  • Se utilizaron exámenes clínicos, timpanometría y el Cuestionario de Disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio-7 (ETDQ-7).
  • La evaluación incluyó la evaluación timpanométrica posterior a la maniobra de Valsalva.

Principales resultados:

  • No se observaron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de timpanometría o ETDQ-7 entre buzos y no buzos.
  • Se observó una diferencia significativa en los resultados timpanométricos después de la maniobra de Valsalva (p<0,01).
  • Los buzos profesionales demostraron un bajo riesgo de disfunción ET, comparable a los controles, independientemente de la duración o frecuencia del buceo.

Conclusiones:

  • Los buzos de la Marina presentan una menor incidencia de disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio.
  • El estudio sugiere que el buceo profesional no aumenta significativamente el riesgo de disfunción ET.
  • La función de ET en buzos es comparable a la de la población general.