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Desnutrición entre niños menores de cinco años en las regiones de Amhara y Oromia, Etiopía: Modelado continuo de
Dafa Duge Wachifo1, Dereje Danbe Debeko1, Zeytu Gashaw Asfaw2,3
1Department of Statistics, Hawassa University, Ethiopia.
PloS one
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
La mayoría de los niños menores de cinco años en Etiopía experimentan desnutrición. La educación materna y la región tienen un impacto significativo en la recuperación y la transición a la desnutrición, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Salud global
- Nutrición infantil
Sus antecedentes:
- Etiopía tiene una alta prevalencia de desnutrición entre los niños menores de cinco años (U5C).
- Este estudio examina la dinámica de los estados de falla antropométrica en niños etíopes.
- Se centra en las regiones de Amhara y Oromia, identificando factores que influyen en las transiciones del estado nutricional.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la frecuencia y la duración de las transiciones entre los estados de falla de la antropometría de índice compuesto (CIAF) en la U5C etíope.
- Identificar los factores clave que influyen en estos cambios en el estado nutricional.
- Proporcionar pruebas de intervenciones específicas para combatir la desnutrición infantil.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos longitudinales del Instituto Internacional de Investigación de Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI) para el período 2018-2021.
- Se incluyeron 3.044 hogares con niños de 0 a 35 meses en programas de redes de seguridad.
- Empleó un modelo de Markov de varios estados en tiempo continuo para analizar las transiciones entre los estados de la CIAF.
Principales resultados:
- El 71% de los niños alimentados pasaron a la desnutrición; la recuperación tuvo un promedio de 41 meses.
- Los niños pasaron el 75% de sus vidas en un estado de desnutrición.
- Factores como la educación materna, la región (Oromia) y ser mujer influyeron en las probabilidades de transición y las tasas de recuperación.
Conclusiones:
- La desnutrición es muy frecuente y persistente entre los U5C etíopes.
- La educación materna y la región son determinantes críticos del riesgo de desnutrición.
- Las intervenciones deben priorizar la mejora de los programas de educación materna para mejorar los resultados nutricionales de los niños.
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