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Los efectos de una intervención musical individual en las funciones ejecutivas en adultos con discapacidad
Gerianne J J Smeets1, Maaike M Van Rest2, Karin M Volkers3
1Philadelphia Care Foundation, PO box 1255, 3800 BG Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorstraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Acta psychologica
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
Una intervención individual con música activa no mejoró significativamente el funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) en adultos con discapacidad intelectual leve o moderada (DI). Se necesitan más investigaciones debido a los desafíos metodológicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psicología
- Terapia con la música
Sus antecedentes:
- Las personas con discapacidad intelectual (ID) con frecuencia presentan déficits en el funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE).
- Las intervenciones musicales han demostrado ser prometedoras para mejorar la EF en otras poblaciones.
- Este estudio investigó el impacto de una intervención musical en la EF en adultos con DI.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar si una intervención individual de música activa puede mejorar el funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) en adultos con discapacidad intelectual leve o moderada (DI).
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo controlado aleatorizado por clúster comparó una intervención musical (16 sesiones durante 8-10 semanas) con el cuidado habitual.
- Los participantes (edad media de 47 años) con ID leve o moderada fueron evaluados al inicio, después de la intervención y en el seguimiento de 8 semanas.
- Se evaluaron cuatro componentes de la EF: flexibilidad cognitiva, atención, inhibición y memoria de trabajo, utilizando análisis de componentes principales y modelos de varios niveles.
Principales resultados:
- El grupo de intervención musical no mostró mejoras significativas en el funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) en comparación con el grupo de atención habitual.
- Se observaron altas tasas de datos no válidos, que excedieron las tasas de abandono esperadas, lo que afectó al poder del estudio.
- Se proporcionan detalles específicos sobre la naturaleza de los datos no válidos.
Conclusiones:
- La intervención musical individual no fue efectiva para mejorar significativamente la EF en adultos con ID leve o moderada.
- Los resultados del estudio deben interpretarse con cautela debido a los problemas metodológicos y de viabilidad encontrados durante el ensayo.
- Los desafíos en la recopilación de datos y la participación de los participantes pueden haber influido en los resultados.
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