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Incrementar la actividad física entre las personas con baja participación mediante incentivos de doble punto en una
Jungin Joo1,2,3, Mangyeong Lee1,2,4, Junghee Yoon4,5
1Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
JMIR mHealth and uHealth
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
Un incentivo de doble punto de una semana aumentó la actividad física en una intervención de salud móvil, pero el compromiso a largo plazo siguió siendo un desafío. Las personas mayores y los usuarios de dispositivos portátiles mostraron una mejor actividad sostenida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Salud digital
- Ciencias del comportamiento
Sus antecedentes:
- La administración de incentivos para la actividad física varía según el comportamiento, el entorno, la entrega y las preferencias del participante.
- Las restricciones fiscales afectan a las intervenciones de salud pública a gran escala, lo que hace necesario examinar los efectos de incentivo temporales.
- La financiación limitada de las intervenciones basadas en la comunidad pone de relieve la importancia de estudiar tanto los impactos inmediatos como los sostenidos de los aumentos de incentivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de un evento de incentivo de doble punto de una semana en la actividad física.
- Evaluar la eficacia de esta estrategia de incentivos entre las personas poco involucradas en una intervención móvil de salud (mHealth).
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de los datos de una intervención de mHealth del Gobierno Metropolitano de Seúl (noviembre-diciembre de 2021).
- Centrarse en los participantes poco comprometidos (n=27,833) con un promedio de <3 días/semana para cumplir con los objetivos del paso.
- Se utilizaron modelos de regresión segmentada, regresión logística multivariable y riesgos proporcionales de Cox.
Principales resultados:
- Solo el 13,7% de los participantes poco comprometidos mejoraron su actividad física.
- El compromiso con el desafío diario aumentó 2.53 veces; el promedio de pasos diarios aumentó en 1925 (SMD 0.55).
- La edad avanzada se correlacionó con la mejora inmediata; la edad avanzada y el uso de dispositivos portátiles se correlacionaron con la actividad sostenida. El 50% volvió a un bajo compromiso después de la intervención.
Conclusiones:
- Los incentivos de doble punto a corto plazo pueden motivar a las personas con poca participación, pero no garantizan el mantenimiento de la actividad física a largo plazo en las intervenciones de salud móvil.
- Se necesita más investigación para identificar estrategias más allá de los incentivos financieros para un cambio de comportamiento sostenido.
- Las intervenciones de salud móvil basadas en la comunidad requieren enfoques diversos para promover hábitos saludables duraderos.
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