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El biomarcador de inteligencia artificial detecta el subgrupo de asma infantil de alto riesgo para infecciones y

Young J Juhn¹, Chung-Il Wi¹, Euijung Ryu²

¹Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; Precision Population Science Lab, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

Los biomarcadores digitales de procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PNL) pueden identificar subgrupos de asma infantil de alto riesgo para infecciones respiratorias agudas (ARI). El subgrupo NLP-PAC+/NLP-API+ mostró un mayor riesgo de neumonía, gripe y exacerbaciones de asma temprano en la vida.

Área de la Ciencia:

Pulmonología pediátrica
Salud digital
Descubrimiento de biomarcadores

Sus antecedentes:

El asma infantil aumenta el riesgo de infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA).
La identificación de subgrupos de asma de alto riesgo para la IAR mediante el uso de biomarcadores digitales es crucial.
Existe un conocimiento limitado sobre el riesgo de IRR en la primera infancia en pacientes con asma.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar si un biomarcador digital impulsado por el procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PNL) puede identificar un subgrupo de alto riesgo de asma infantil para la IRA.
Para investigar la aparición temprana de este fenotipo de alto riesgo.

Principales métodos:

Aplicación de algoritmos validados de PNL (PNL-PAC y PNL-API) a los registros electrónicos de salud de una gran cohorte de nacimientos.
Los sujetos se clasificaron en cuatro subgrupos según los criterios de la PNL-PAC y la PNL-API.
Se evaluó el riesgo de IAR específicas y de exacerbaciones del asma a los 3 años de edad y durante los primeros 3 años de vida.

Principales resultados:

El subgrupo NLP-PAC+/NLP-API+ exhibió el mayor riesgo de neumonía, influenza A/B y exacerbación del asma.
Este riesgo elevado de neumonía, gripe A/B e infección por virus sincitial respiratorio se observó temprano en la vida (primeros 3 años).
No se encontraron diferencias significativas en otras IAR entre los subgrupos.

Conclusiones:

El fenotipo NLP-PAC + / NLP-API + sirve como un nuevo biomarcador digital para identificar el asma infantil de alto riesgo.
Este subgrupo es particularmente susceptible a la neumonía, la gripe A/B y las exacerbaciones del asma.
El fenotipo de alto riesgo para estas afecciones puede manifestarse temprano en la infancia.

Palabras clave:

El asma La PNL Inteligencia artificial cohorte Ciencias de la salud Infección pediátrico El fenótipo Precisión el riesgo Subgrupo

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