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Predictores de autoenvenenamiento intencional recurrente
Ilana S Lavina1, Skyler Hammond2, Rachel H F Margolis1
1Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.
Pediatrics
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
El autoenvenenamiento intencional es un riesgo significativo para los intentos de suicidio de los jóvenes. Este estudio encontró que un historial de diagnóstico psiquiátrico, abuso sexual o comportamiento autolesionado aumenta el riesgo de intoxicación recurrente en pacientes pediátricos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de emergencia pediátrica
- Psiquiatría de los adolescentes
- Toxicología
Sus antecedentes:
- El autoenvenenamiento intencional es el método principal para los intentos de suicidio entre los jóvenes, con una incidencia creciente y altos riesgos de morbilidad.
- Los departamentos de emergencia pediátrica (ED) encuentran con frecuencia casos de autointoxicación intencional en individuos jóvenes.
- La comprensión de los factores de recurrencia es crucial para las estrategias de prevención eficaces.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para describir los encuentros en el departamento de emergencias (ED) por autoenvenenamiento intencional en pacientes pediátricos.
- Identificar los factores demográficos y clínicos asociados con los episodios recurrentes de autoenvenenamiento en los jóvenes.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio retrospectivo transversal de pacientes de 6 a 17 años que presentaron una disfunción eréctil pediátrica.
- Datos recopilados desde marzo de 2020 hasta marzo de 2023, incluidos los códigos de motivo de visita y facturación para la ingestión, sobredosis o intentos de suicidio.
- Regresión logística multivariable utilizada para identificar los factores asociados con la recurrencia.
Principales resultados:
- Se analizaron 535 encuentros únicos con pacientes.
- El 12,7% de los pacientes habían tenido visitas previas por autoenvenenamiento.
- Los factores asociados con la recurrencia incluyeron el diagnóstico psiquiátrico existente (aOR 17.03), antecedentes de abuso sexual (aOR 1.96) y antecedentes de comportamiento autolesionado (aOR 3.00).
Conclusiones:
- El autoenvenenamiento intencional en los jóvenes conduce a una morbilidad significativa, con casi la mitad que requiere intervención médica y una cuarta parte que requiere ingreso hospitalario.
- Se produjeron visitas recurrentes de autoenvenenamiento en 1 de cada 8 pacientes, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de intervenciones específicas.
- La identificación de factores de riesgo específicos puede informar el desarrollo de programas de prevención para el autoenvenenamiento intencional recurrente en adolescentes.
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