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La fucoxantina protege las células ganglionares de la retina y regula la mitofagia mediada por Parkin en el glaucoma

Haixia Ma^1,2,3,4, Xinxin Hu^5,2,3,4, Juntao Zhang^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.

BMJ open ophthalmology

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

La fucoxantina protege las células ganglionares de la retina en el glaucoma mediante la regulación de la mitofagia. Este compuesto es prometedor para el tratamiento del glaucoma mediante la restauración de la salud mitocondrial y la supervivencia celular.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Oftalmología
Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

El glaucoma es una de las principales causas de ceguera irreversible.
Las células ganglionares de la retina (RGC) son cruciales para la visión y vulnerables en el glaucoma.
La mitofagia, un proceso celular para limpiar las mitocondrias dañadas, está implicada en la patogénesis del glaucoma.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los efectos neuroprotectores de la fucoxantina en las RGC en un modelo experimental de glaucoma.
Para determinar si la fucoxantina modula la mitofagia mediada por Parkin en el glaucoma.

Principales métodos:

Se estableció un modelo experimental de glaucoma en ratas utilizando fotocoagulación láser.
Se monitoreó la presión intraocular (PIO) y se evaluó la supervivencia por GCR.
Se analizaron los tejidos de la retina y el nervio óptico para la morfología mitocondrial y la expresión de genes / proteínas relacionadas con la mitofagia.

Principales resultados:

Se encontró que la mitofagia estaba desregulada en el glaucoma experimental.
La administración de fucoxantina mejoró la supervivencia RGC y moduló los marcadores de apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax).
La fucoxantina regulaba la expresión de Parkin y la formación de mitofagosomas, restaurando la función de la mitofagia.

Conclusiones:

La fucoxantina demuestra efectos neuroprotectores significativos contra el daño de RGC en el glaucoma experimental.
La modulación de la mitofagia mediada por Parkin es un mecanismo clave subyacente a la acción terapéutica de la fucoxantina.
El mantenimiento de la homeostasis mitofágica presenta una estrategia terapéutica potencial para el tratamiento del glaucoma.

Palabras clave:

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