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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research
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Author Spotlight: Exploring Olfactory Influences on Corticospinal Excitability - Insights and Innovations in Neurological Research

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Modulación de la conectividad de la red saliente a través de la estimulación del nervio olfativo

Carina Heller1,2,3,4,5,6, Maria Geisler7, Nicolas L Mayer8

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. carina.heller@uni-jena.de.

Translational psychiatry
|August 21, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La estimulación eléctrica de la mucosa olfativa puede ayudar a la depresión al alterar la conectividad cerebral. Este nuevo enfoque, dirigido a la red de saliencia y la red de modo predeterminado, es prometedor para las terapias futuras.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • La psiquiatría
  • Conectividad cerebral

Sus antecedentes:

  • La depresión está relacionada con la conectividad funcional alterada en la red de saliencia (SN) y la red de modo predeterminado (DMN) del cerebro.
  • Modificar estos patrones neuronales en la depresión es clínicamente desafiante.
  • Las vías olfativas ofrecen una ruta directa al SN, lo que sugiere el potencial de neuromodulación dirigida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los efectos de la estimulación del nervio olfativo en la conectividad cerebral.
  • Explorar si la estimulación olfativa puede modular la red de saliencia y sus interacciones con la red de modo predeterminado.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó un diseño aleatorio, ciego, dentro del sujeto.
  • 45 participantes sanos fueron sometidos a estimulación olfativa o del nervio trigémino.
  • Se empleó la resonancia magnética funcional en estado de reposo (fMRI) para evaluar la conectividad cerebral.

Principales resultados:

  • La estimulación olfativa aumentó significativamente la conectividad funcional entre el SN y la corteza piriforme (región olfativa).
  • Esta estimulación mejoró la conectividad dentro del SN.
  • La conectividad entre el SN y el DMN se debilitó por la estimulación olfativa.

Conclusiones:

  • La estimulación olfativa demuestra el potencial para modular los patrones de conectividad cerebral relevantes para la depresión.
  • Esto sugiere una nueva estrategia terapéutica mínimamente invasiva para los trastornos del estado de ánimo.
  • Se necesita más investigación para confirmar la eficacia en personas diagnosticadas con depresión.