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El impacto de los sistemas de campo de sonido en el aula en la fluidez lectora de los estudiantes con audición normal
Lucy Shiels1, Peter Carew2, Dani Tomlin2
1Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. shiels.l@unimelb.edu.au.
NPJ science of learning
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
La amplificación de campo de sonido (SFA) no mejoró significativamente la fluidez de lectura para la mayoría de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, los estudiantes con menor inteligencia mostraron ganancias de lectura cuando el SFA estaba activo, lo que sugiere beneficios específicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación
- Audiología
- Psicología cognitiva
Sus antecedentes:
- La acústica en el aula tiene un impacto significativo en el aprendizaje.
- La amplificación del campo sonoro (SFA) es una intervención potencial para mejorar los entornos auditivos.
- Las investigaciones anteriores sobre el impacto académico de SFA son mixtas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el efecto de la SFA en la fluidez lectora en estudiantes de primaria con audición normal.
- Determinar si las capacidades cognitivas moderan el impacto de la SFA en el desarrollo de la lectura.
- Para evaluar la eficacia de SFA en entornos típicos del aula.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño casi experimental con 84 estudiantes con audición normal (de 8 a 10 años) en 23 clases.
- Alternando las condiciones de SFA-On y SFA-Off durante tres semestres académicos.
- Fluidez lectora evaluada mediante la evaluación de pasajes de lectura de Wheldall; habilidades cognitivas (CI, memoria, atención) medidas al inicio del estudio.
Principales resultados:
- No hay diferencias significativas en el desarrollo de la fluidez de lectura entre las condiciones de SFA-On y SFA-Off.
- La inteligencia de los estudiantes fue un predictor leve de las ganancias de fluidez lectora durante el SFA-On.
- Los estudiantes con puntuaciones de CI más bajas demostraron mayores beneficios de SFA.
Conclusiones:
- SFA no mejora universalmente la fluidez de lectura para todos los estudiantes.
- SFA puede proporcionar ventajas específicas para los estudiantes con habilidades cognitivas más bajas.
- El SFA podría ser una herramienta valiosa en aulas con condiciones acústicas subóptimas.
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