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Cómo el tiempo y las preferencias de riesgo afectan el control de la glucosa en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2

Suparee W Boonmanunt¹, Oraluck Pattanaprateep², Hataikarn Nimitphong³

¹Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.

Scientific reports

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

Las personas con diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) que priorizan la gratificación inmediata tienen niveles más altos de hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c). Las intervenciones personalizadas pueden ayudar a los pacientes con sesgo presente a manejar la T2D de manera más efectiva.

Área de la Ciencia:

Economía del comportamiento
Endocrinología
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

El autocuidado en la diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) está influenciado por las preferencias individuales de tiempo y riesgo.
Comprender estas preferencias puede permitir estrategias de manejo de la diabetes más efectivas y personalizadas.
Los enfoques actuales pueden no tener plenamente en cuenta los sesgos de toma de decisiones específicos del paciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre el tiempo obtenido y las preferencias de riesgo con resultados relacionados con la diabetes.
Determinar si las preferencias del paciente se correlacionan con los niveles de hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c) y de glucosa en sangre.
Informar sobre el desarrollo de intervenciones de autocuidado basadas en preferencias para el T2D.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó tareas incentivadas para medir las preferencias de tiempo y riesgo en 396 pacientes con DM2.
Datos clínicos recogidos (HbA1c, glucosa en sangre) de los sistemas de información del hospital.
Se emplearon regresiones lineales multivariadas con selección gradual para analizar las asociaciones con los resultados de T2D.

Principales resultados:

Los individuos con sesgo presente (que favorecen la gratificación inmediata) mostraron niveles significativamente más altos de HbA1c (coeficiente 0,41; IC del 95% [0,02, 0,80]).
No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre las preferencias de tiempo o riesgo y los niveles de glucosa en sangre.
Se evaluaron los comportamientos de autocuidado y los factores epidemiológicos mediante un cuestionario.

Conclusiones:

Las preferencias de tiempo, específicamente el sesgo presente, están vinculadas a un peor control glucémico (mayor HbA1c) en la diabetes tipo 2.
Las intervenciones personalizadas que abordan los problemas de autocontrol en pacientes con sesgo presente pueden mejorar los resultados.
Se necesita más investigación para probar formalmente la rentabilidad de estos enfoques específicos.

Palabras clave:

HbA1c El sesgo del presente Preferencia de riesgo Consistencia en el tiempo Preferencia de tiempo Diabetes tipo 2

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