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Carga grave y duradera del cáncer de próstata atribuible al tabaquismo entre los hombres mayores en medio del declive

Hao Chen¹, Chen Sang¹, Jia Jia¹

¹Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.

Scientific reports

|August 21, 2025

Resumen

La carga global de cáncer de próstata (PC) en hombres mayores (OM) relacionada con el tabaquismo disminuyó en general. Sin embargo, las regiones de ingresos medios bajos experimentaron aumentos, y los grupos de edad más viejos (90-95) aún enfrentan graves cargas de PC.

Área de la Ciencia:

Epidemiología
Salud pública
En el campo de la oncología

Sus antecedentes:

El cáncer de próstata (PC) es un problema de salud importante para los hombres mayores (OM).
El tabaquismo es un factor de riesgo conocido para la incidencia y la mortalidad por PC.
Los datos globales sobre la carga de PC atribuida al tabaquismo en OM, por regiones de edad e índice sociodemográfico (SDI), son limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Analizar sistemáticamente la carga global de PC atribuible al tabaquismo en OM (mayores de 55 años).
Examinar las tendencias en las muertes por PC y los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALY) de 1990 a 2021.
Investigar las disparidades en la carga de PC entre los diferentes grupos de edad y regiones de IDS.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos del Estudio de la carga global de enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo (GBD) 2021.
Tendencias analizadas en las muertes por PC y DALY atribuibles al tabaquismo en OM (mayores de 55 años).
Cambio anual porcentual estimado de empleados (EAPC) y regresión del punto de unión para el análisis de tendencias temporales.

Principales resultados:

Las tasas mundiales de mortalidad por PC estandarizadas por edad atribuibles al tabaquismo en OM disminuyeron de 3,08 a 1,80 por 100.000 (EAPC: -2,02).
Las tasas mundiales de PC DALY estandarizadas por edad atribuibles al tabaquismo en OM disminuyeron de 65.28 a 37.75 por 100.000 (EAPC: -2.05).
Se observaron importantes disparidades regionales: las regiones con un alto nivel de IDS mostraron el mayor descenso, mientras que las regiones con un nivel medio de IDS bajo mostraron una tendencia al aumento. El grupo de edad de 90 a 95 años soportaba constantemente la carga más grave.

Conclusiones:

La carga global de la PC atribuible al tabaquismo en los hombres mayores ha disminuido, pero enmascara importantes disparidades socioeconómicas.
Las regiones con un IDS medio bajo y los grupos de edad más antiguos requieren intervenciones de salud pública específicas.
Los programas de cesación del tabaquismo y la mejora del acceso a la atención médica son cruciales para las poblaciones vulnerables para reducir la carga de PC.

Palabras clave:

Años de vida ajustados por discapacidad Carga mundial de las enfermedades Los viejos .Cáncer de próstata El tabaquismo Índice sociodemográfico

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