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Principales factores genéticos asociados con las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y sus consecuencias en la
Arthur Mauduit1, Emmanuel Mas1,2, Nuria Solà-Tapias1
1INSERM UMR 1220, INRAE UMR 1416, ENVT, Université de Toulouse Paul Sabatier, 31000, Toulouse, France.
Journal of gastroenterology
|August 21, 2025
Resumen
Las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII), como la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa, implican factores genéticos y ambientales. Esta revisión explora cómo la permeabilidad intestinal alterada, vinculada a las vías clave de la EII, contribuye a la inflamación crónica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología e Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (IBD), incluida la enfermedad de Crohn (CD) y la colitis ulcerosa (UC), son trastornos gastrointestinales crónicos.
- La patogénesis de la EII implica interacciones complejas entre la predisposición genética y los factores ambientales.
- Se han identificado más de 200 loci de susceptibilidad a la EII, que implican vías biológicas clave.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los mecanismos moleculares y celulares que vinculan las principales vías asociadas a la EII con la permeabilidad intestinal alterada.
- Para aclarar cómo estas alteraciones contribuyen al inicio y la exacerbación de la inflamación crónica en la EII.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre la genética, la fisiopatología y la permeabilidad intestinal de las EII.
- Análisis de las vías clave implicadas en la EII: detección bacteriana, autofagia, estrés en el retículo endoplasmático, inmunidad Th-17 y señalización de vitamina D.
- Examen del papel del aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal ("intestino permeable") en el desarrollo y el pronóstico de la EII.
Principales resultados:
- Cinco vías principales se alteran consistentemente en la EII: NOD2 (detección bacteriana), autofagia, estrés en el retículo endoplasmático, IL23-receptor (vía Th-17) y VDR (receptores de vitamina D).
- El aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal es una característica reconocida que precede el desarrollo de la EC y sirve como un indicador de pronóstico para la recaída en la EII en reposo.
- Estas vías contribuyen a una respuesta inmune anormal contra la microbiota intestinal, impulsada por el aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal.
Conclusiones:
- La permeabilidad intestinal alterada es un factor crítico en la patogénesis de la EII, facilitando la inflamación crónica.
- Comprender los mecanismos moleculares que vinculan las vías de la EII con el intestino permeable es crucial para desarrollar terapias dirigidas.
- El aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal representa un objetivo terapéutico potencial para controlar la EII y prevenir la recaída de la enfermedad.
Palabras clave:
La autofagiaLa enfermedad de CrohnEstrés en el retículo endoplasmáticoNo 2El 17Las uniones estrechasLa colitis ulcerosaMás Videos Relacionados
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