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Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
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Una metáfora visual para la educación en salud bucal en pacientes en hemodiálisis: un estudio piloto
Gerhard Schmalz1,2, Jonas Friedrich3, Albert Stoeffler1
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Brandenburg, Germany.
Resumen
La Representación Pictórica de la Enfermedad y la Auto-Medición (PRISM) no mostró mejoría significativa en la inflamación gingival en pacientes en hemodiálisis. Sin embargo, el grupo de control experimentó un empeoramiento de la inflamación, lo que sugiere que PRISM puede ayudar a mantener la salud oral.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud bucal
- Nefrología
- Educación del paciente
Sus antecedentes:
- La educación en salud bucal para pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis crónica (HD) presenta desafíos únicos.
- Se necesitan enfoques novedosos centrados en el paciente para mejorar la higiene bucal en esta población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la efectividad de la representación pictórica de la enfermedad y la auto-medida (PRISM) con la educación oral tradicional basada en entrevistas durante un período de 4 semanas.
- Evaluar los cambios en la inflamación gingival, los resultados informados por los pacientes y el impacto en la salud bucal.
Principales métodos:
- Un ensayo controlado aleatorio en el que participaron pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica.
- Las intervenciones incluyeron PRISM y educación estándar en salud bucal.
- Parámetros evaluados: índice de hemorragia de papillas (PBI), cuestionario de perspectiva del paciente y perfil de impacto en la salud oral (OHIP-G5) al inicio y 2 y 4 semanas después de la intervención.
Principales resultados:
- El grupo PRISM no mostró cambios significativos en la PBI a las 2 o 4 semanas.
- El grupo de control experimentó un aumento significativo en el PBI durante 4 semanas.
- Si bien la mayoría de los resultados informados por los pacientes mostraron cambios no significativos, ambos grupos informaron una disminución en el empeoramiento del sabor, con PRISM mostrando este efecto tanto a las 2 como a las 4 semanas.
Conclusiones:
- La educación en salud bucal para los pacientes de hemodiálisis es un desafío.
- PRISM puede ofrecer un enfoque beneficioso al mitigar potencialmente la disminución de la salud bucal observada en el grupo de control.
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