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Embolismo de líquido amniótico: una revisión exhaustiva del diagnóstico y el tratamiento
Wiku Andonotopo1, Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas2, Julian Dewantiningrum1
1Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women Health Center, Eka Hospital, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia.
Journal of perinatal medicine
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
El embolio de líquido amniótico (AFE) es una emergencia obstétrica rara que causa colapso cardiopulmonar. La gestión actual se centra en la atención de apoyo, con investigaciones en curso sobre biomarcadores y tratamientos como el régimen A-OK.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y ginecología
- Medicina de cuidados intensivos
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- El embolismo de líquido amniótico (AFE) es una emergencia obstétrica rara y potencialmente mortal con una alta mortalidad materna.
- La fisiopatología implica reacciones inmunológicas y obstrucción circulatoria, lo que lleva a la insuficiencia de varios órganos.
- La comprensión de AFE es crucial para mejorar los resultados en embarazos de alto riesgo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para sintetizar los conocimientos actuales sobre el embolia de líquido amniótico (AFE).
- Revisar la epidemiología, la fisiopatología, los factores de riesgo, la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
- Desarrollar herramientas clínicas para el diagnóstico y la reanimación de AFE.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura que se adhiere a las directrices de PRISMA.
- Incluir artículos revisados por pares y protocolos clínicos (2000-2024).
- Análisis temático y agregación de pruebas para el desarrollo de herramientas.
Principales resultados:
- La EFA se presenta típicamente durante el parto y después del parto con hipoxia, hipotensión y coagulopatía.
- El diagnóstico es clínico; no existe un solo biomarcador.
- El tratamiento de apoyo incluye reanimación, estabilización hemodinámica y corrección de la coagulopatía.
Conclusiones:
- La AFE plantea desafíos significativos debido a su aparición abrupta y su alta letalidad.
- Las futuras prioridades de investigación incluyen biomarcadores de diagnóstico y protocolos multidisciplinarios estandarizados.
- Se están considerando tratamientos experimentales como el régimen A-OK.
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