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El ejercicio aeróbico de intensidad moderada atenúa los cambios inducidos por la obesidad en el tejido adiposo

Teresa M Da-Re¹, Guilherme A Dos Santos¹, Luiza H Rossi¹

¹Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Physiological reports

|August 22, 2025

Resumen

El entrenamiento aeróbico mejoró la salud vascular en ratones hembras obesas al reducir la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo. El entrenamiento físico también mitigó la senescencia celular y restauró las respuestas anticontráctiles en el tejido adiposo perivascular torácico.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología cardiovascular
Investigación sobre la obesidad
Ciencia del ejercicio

Sus antecedentes:

La obesidad está relacionada con la inflamación sistémica, el estrés oxidativo y la disfunción vascular.
El tejido adiposo perivascular (tPVAT) juega un papel crucial en la regulación del tono y la salud vascular.
La senescencia celular en tPVAT puede contribuir a la patología vascular inducida por la obesidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el impacto del ejercicio aeróbico en los biomarcadores inflamatorios, el estrés oxidativo y la senescencia celular en tPVAT de ratones hembras obesas.
Evaluar las respuestas morfológicas y anticontráctiles de tPVAT en ratones sedentarios, entrenados, obesos, sedentarios y obesos entrenados.
Determinar si el ejercicio aeróbico puede mejorar los cambios inducidos por la obesidad en tPVAT.

Principales métodos:

Los ratones hembra C57BL6/JUnib se dividieron en cuatro grupos: sedentarios (SD), entrenados (TR), sedentarios obesos (OB-SD) y entrenados obesos (OB-TR).
Biomarcadores séricos evaluados (glucosa, leptina, TNF-α, malondialdehído), morfología del tPVAT (tamaño de las gotas de lípidos, contenido de adiponectina) y actividad de la β-galactosidasa vascular.
Se evaluó la respuesta anti- contráctil del tPVAT a la serotonina (5-HT).

Principales resultados:

Los ratones sedentarios obesos mostraron niveles elevados de glucosa sérica, leptina, TNF-α y malondialdehído, con aumento de las gotas de lípidos tPVAT y disminución de la adiponectina.
Los ratones sedentarios obesos mostraron un aumento de la actividad de la β-galactosidasa vascular y una respuesta anti- contráctil alterada al 5-HT.
El entrenamiento aeróbico en ratones obesos (OB-TR) redujo la leptina sérica, el TNF-α y el malondialdehído, redujo las gotas lipídicas de tPVAT, aumentó la adiponectina, atenuó la actividad de la β-galactosidasa y mejoró la respuesta vascular al 5-HT.

Conclusiones:

La obesidad induce cambios fenotípicos significativos en el tPVAT, caracterizados por un aumento de la senescencia vascular, la inflamación, el estrés oxidativo y la función anticontráctil desregulada.
El entrenamiento aeróbico mitiga efectivamente varias alteraciones inducidas por la obesidad en el tPVAT.
El ejercicio restablece parcialmente la respuesta anticontráctil tPVAT y reduce los marcadores de estrés inflamatorio y oxidativo circulatorio clave en ratones hembras obesas.

Palabras clave:

ejercicio mujer inflamación Obesidad tejido adiposo perivascular envejecimiento Función vascular

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