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La relación entre los patrones de nutrientes en la dieta y el síndrome del intestino irritable: un estudio
E Fazeli Moghadam1, M Samadi2, S Mohammadi1
1Nutritional Health Research Center, Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Khorramabad Iran.
Food science & nutrition
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Los patrones de alimentación ricos en antioxidantes y fibra se relacionaron con una menor probabilidad de síndrome del intestino irritable (IBS). Este estudio destaca los patrones de ingesta de nutrientes como cruciales para el manejo del SII en adultos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Gastroenterología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El síndrome del intestino irritable (IBS) es un trastorno gastrointestinal común con asociaciones dietéticas conocidas.
- Sin embargo, los patrones dietéticos específicos basados en nutrientes y su asociación con el SII siguen siendo poco estudiados.
- Investigar los patrones de ingesta de nutrientes ofrece un nuevo enfoque para comprender la etiología del SII.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la relación entre los patrones dietéticos basados en nutrientes y la prevalencia del SII.
- Identificar patrones específicos de nutrientes asociados con una probabilidad reducida de desarrollar SII en una población adulta.
- Para explorar el papel de los antioxidantes, la fibra y la ingesta de azúcar en el riesgo de SII.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio multicéntrico de casos y controles en el que participaron 317 pacientes con SII y 601 controles sanos en Irán (2021-2023).
- Los hábitos alimenticios se evaluaron mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria (FFQ) de 168 ítems.
- Se identificaron patrones de nutrientes y se utilizó la regresión logística para analizar las asociaciones con el SII, ajustando los factores de confusión.
Principales resultados:
- Dos patrones de nutrientes distintos se asociaron significativamente con menores probabilidades de SII: el patrón I (alto en antioxidantes como el betacaroteno, las vitaminas A, C y E) y el patrón II (rico en fibra, glucosa, fructosa y maltosa).
- La mayor adherencia al patrón I mostró una relación de probabilidades (OR) de 0,75 (IC del 95% 0,62-0,92, p=0,00).
- La mayor adherencia al patrón II mostró un OR de 0,52 (IC del 95% 0,42-0,64, p=0,00).
- Un tercer patrón, alto en azúcares y cafeína, no mostró asociación significativa con el SII (OR 0,95, IC del 95% 0,80-1,12, p>0,05).
Conclusiones:
- Los patrones de nutrientes ricos en antioxidantes y fibra están asociados con un riesgo reducido de síndrome del intestino irritable.
- Las intervenciones dietéticas que se centran en aumentar la ingesta de alimentos ricos en antioxidantes y fibra pueden ser beneficiosas para la prevención del SII.
- Se requiere más investigación para dilucidar los mecanismos que vinculan estos patrones de nutrientes con el SII.
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