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Caracterización multiómica integrada en todos los subgrupos clínicamente relevantes de la COVID larga
Jingwen Ai1,2, Jingxin Guo1,2, Ke Lin1
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
National science review
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
El COVID largo, o secuelas post-agudas del COVID-19, muestra distintas firmas multi-ómicas en todos los subgrupos de pacientes. La comprensión de estos diversos perfiles de PASC es clave para desarrollar estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- La genómica
- Metabolomía
- Proteomía
Sus antecedentes:
- Las secuelas post-agudas de COVID-19 (PASC), comúnmente conocidas como COVID largo, afectan a un número significativo de pacientes después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2.
- La heterogeneidad de los síntomas de COVID prolongado y los mecanismos subyacentes presentan un desafío para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los distintos mecanismos fisiopatológicos y las firmas multiómicas de diferentes subgrupos de COVID largo.
- Identificar biomarcadores potenciales para diagnosticar y comprender la heterogeneidad del COVID largo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis multiómicos integradores que incluyen transcriptómica, proteómica y metabolómica.
- Caracterización de perfiles moleculares distintos para varios subgrupos de COVID largos, como multisistémico, neurológico, cardiocerebral, musculoesquelético + sistémico y cardiopulmonar.
- Identificación de biomarcadores de proteínas generales y específicos del suero asociados con el COVID prolongado y sus subgrupos.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con COVID prolongado muestran una activación elevada de la vía MAPK, que se desregula en los pacientes recuperados.
- Se identificaron firmas multiómicas distintas para cada subgrupo de COVID largo, revelando alteraciones específicas en la vía metabólica y de señalización.
- Se identificaron varios biomarcadores potenciales, incluidos ABHD17A, CSNK1D, PSME4, SYVN1, CRH, FPGT, CBX6 y RBBP4, para el diagnóstico general y específico del subgrupo.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona una explicación fisiopatológica compartida y distinta para PASC, destacando su naturaleza compleja y heterogénea.
- Las firmas y biomarcadores multiómicos identificados ofrecen una base para futuras herramientas de diagnóstico e intervenciones terapéuticas específicas para el COVID largo.
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