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Riesgo de cáncer y DMARDS sintéticos convencionales: una revisión narrativa
Thelma Skare1, Jozélio Freire de Carvalho2
1Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Evangélico Mackenzie, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Northern clinics of Istanbul
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Los medicamentos antirreumáticos convencionales modificadores de la enfermedad (DMARD) tratan las enfermedades reumáticas, pero pueden aumentar el riesgo de cáncer. Esta revisión examina la potencial carcinogenicidad de estos inmunosupresores y inmunomoduladores ampliamente utilizados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Reumatología
- En el campo de la oncología
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- Los inmunosupresores y los inmunomoduladores son cruciales para el tratamiento de las enfermedades reumáticas.
- Los medicamentos antirreumáticos convencionales modificadores de la enfermedad (DMARD, por sus siglas en inglés) incluyen metotrexato, azatioprina, antipalúdicos y ciclosporina.
- Estas terapias tienen como objetivo inducir la remisión y controlar la inflamación, mejorando el pronóstico del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la literatura existente sobre el potencial cancerígeno de los medicamentos antirreumáticos modificadores de enfermedades (DMARD) convencionales.
- Evaluar la asociación entre el uso de DMARD convencionales y el riesgo de desarrollar tumores malignos.
- Proporcionar una visión global para los médicos e investigadores sobre los DMARD y el riesgo de cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó una metodología de revisión narrativa.
- Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos de estudios sobre los DMARD y el cáncer.
- Se sintetizaron los estudios relevantes centrados en los DMARD convencionales y el riesgo de malignidad.
Principales resultados:
- Los DMARD convencionales están asociados con un potencial aumento del riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer.
- Los DMARD específicos pueden conllevar diferentes niveles de riesgo cancerígeno.
- Se necesita más investigación para aclarar completamente la compleja relación entre los DMARD y la malignidad.
Conclusiones:
- Si bien es eficaz en el tratamiento de enfermedades reumáticas, el potencial oncogénico de los DMARD convencionales merece una consideración cuidadosa.
- La evaluación del riesgo-beneficio es crucial a la hora de prescribir estos agentes.
- El monitoreo y la investigación continuos son esenciales para mitigar los posibles efectos adversos y optimizar la atención al paciente.
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