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Analizando el manejo del comportamiento no farmacológico en niños con ansiedad dental: una revisión sistemática y un
Kanwalpreet Kaur1, Ravinder S Saini2, Rayan Ibrahim H Binduhayyim2
1Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark New Jersey USA.
Health science reports
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Las intervenciones comportamentales no farmacológicas como las técnicas de distracción pueden reducir el dolor en los niños durante las visitas dentales, pero no reducen significativamente la ansiedad dental en comparación con los métodos tradicionales. La distracción de la realidad virtual tampoco mostró un efecto superior en la ansiedad o el manejo del dolor.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Odontología pediátrica
- Ciencias del comportamiento
- Tecnología médica
Sus antecedentes:
- La ansiedad dental es un problema importante en la odontología pediátrica, que afecta el tratamiento.
- Las intervenciones comportamentales no farmacológicas (NPBI) se utilizan para controlar esta ansiedad.
- Las NPBIs clave incluyen la realidad virtual (VR) y el tell-show-do (TSD).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y metaanalizar sistemáticamente la eficacia de los IBPN en la reducción de la ansiedad y el dolor en pacientes dentales pediátricos.
- Para comparar las técnicas de distracción y VR contra los métodos tradicionales como TSD.
Principales métodos:
- Un examen sistemático y un metanálisis siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA-2020.
- Se incluyeron 76 ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) con 6.723 participantes.
- Se analizaron los cambios en la ansiedad y el dolor dental utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios y diferencias medias estandarizadas.
Principales resultados:
- Las técnicas de distracción no redujeron significativamente la ansiedad dental en comparación con Tell-Show-Do (SMD -0.34).
- Las técnicas de distracción fueron efectivas para reducir el dolor (SMD -0,43).
- La distracción de la Realidad Virtual (RV) no mostró una reducción significativa en la ansiedad o el dolor en comparación con las técnicas tradicionales.
Conclusiones:
- Las técnicas de distracción pueden aliviar el dolor, pero son comparables al TSD para la reducción de la ansiedad.
- La distracción VR no demostró superioridad sobre los métodos tradicionales para controlar la ansiedad dental o el dolor.
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