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Trastornos del sueño y accidente cerebrovascular: vínculos fisiopatológicos, implicaciones clínicas y estrategias de
Jamir Pitton Rissardo1, Ibrahim Khalil2, Mohamad Taha3
1Neurology Department, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 22, 2025
Resumen
Los trastornos del sueño como la apnea obstructiva del sueño aumentan el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular y dificultan la recuperación. El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de los problemas de sueño en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular son cruciales para obtener mejores resultados y reducir la recurrencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Medicina del sueño
- Ciencias cardiovasculares
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos del sueño y el accidente cerebrovascular comparten una relación compleja y bidireccional.
- Los trastornos del sueño, incluida la apnea obstructiva del sueño (OSA), el insomnio y el síndrome de piernas inquietas (RLS), aumentan el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular.
- El accidente cerebrovascular puede desencadenar o empeorar los trastornos del sueño, lo que afecta la recuperación y la calidad de vida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar la compleja relación entre los trastornos del sueño y el accidente cerebrovascular.
- Para resaltar el impacto de los trastornos del sueño en el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular y la recuperación posterior al accidente cerebrovascular.
- Hacer hincapié en la necesidad de un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento integrado de los trastornos del sueño en la atención del ictus.
Principales métodos:
- Esta revisión narrativa sintetiza las pruebas actuales de la literatura existente.
- Examina los mecanismos que vinculan los trastornos del sueño con la incidencia y las consecuencias de los accidentes cerebrovasculares.
- La revisión analiza las estrategias terapéuticas actuales y emergentes para los trastornos del sueño en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular.
Principales resultados:
- La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) aumenta significativamente el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular (2-3 veces) a través de mecanismos como la hipoxia intermitente y la inflamación.
- Los trastornos del sueño post-accidente cerebrovascular son frecuentes, subdiagnosticados y afectan negativamente la rehabilitación y la función cognitiva.
- Existen estrategias efectivas de manejo, incluida la CPAP, los cambios en el estilo de vida y los tratamientos farmacológicos.
Conclusiones:
- Abordar los trastornos del sueño es fundamental para optimizar la recuperación del accidente cerebrovascular y prevenir la recurrencia.
- Se necesitan enfoques integrados y multidisciplinarios y mejores herramientas de diagnóstico para una atención integral del ictus.
- Es esencial realizar más investigaciones sobre los trastornos del sueño no relacionados con la AOS y su impacto en los accidentes cerebrovasculares.
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